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Computer assisted navigation in total knee and hip arthroplasty.

Kamal Deep1, Shivakumar Shankar1, Ashish Mahendra2

  • 1Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Agmemnon Street, Clydebank, G81 4DY Glasgow, UK.

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Summary

Computer assisted surgery (CAS) enhances accuracy in knee and hip replacements, offering improved outcomes and prosthesis survival. Despite a learning curve, CAS is becoming standard practice in orthopaedics, evolving towards robotic integration.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopaedic Surgery
  • Medical Technology
  • Surgical Navigation

Background:

  • Computer assisted surgery (CAS) emerged in the early 1990s, with the first CAS total knee replacement in 1997.
  • Over 25 years, CAS has evolved from experimental studies to established in vivo surgical procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the established benefits and growing adoption of CAS in knee and hip arthroplasty.
  • To highlight the impact of CAS on surgical accuracy, patient outcomes, and prosthesis longevity.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive evidence review of CAS in knee and hip arthroplasty.
  • Analysis of surgical accuracy, component alignment, and functional outcomes.
  • Examination of adoption rates and revision data for navigated procedures.

Main Results:

  • CAS demonstrates advantages in accuracy, deformity correction, and component alignment for knee and hip arthroplasty.
  • Navigated knee arthroplasty shows increasing popularity, with decreased revision rates in younger patients.
  • Evidence suggests improved accuracy in acetabular orientation and leg length correction in hip arthroplasty.

Conclusions:

  • CAS offers significant benefits, including improved accuracy and functional outcomes in lower limb arthroplasty.
  • Despite initial surgeon inertia, CAS adoption is growing and expected to become standard practice.
  • Future evolution of CAS includes integration with robotics for enhanced surgical procedures.