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Genetic control of low-density-lipoprotein subclasses.
Lancet (London, England)
|September 13, 1986
Summary
A common gene influences low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) subclass patterns, with small, dense LDL phenotypes found in about 15% of subjects, particularly those over 40. This genetic trait is linked to altered apoprotein and triglyceride levels.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Genetics
- Lipid Metabolism
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Lipoprotein subclasses play a crucial role in cardiovascular health.
- Genetic factors significantly influence lipid profiles and lipoprotein subclass patterns.
- Small, dense low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) subclasses are associated with increased cardiovascular risk.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the genetic basis of LDL subclass patterns within nuclear families.
- To determine the inheritance pattern and frequency of the allele associated with small, dense LDL subclasses.
- To examine the relationship between this genetic trait and plasma lipid, apoprotein, and lipoprotein levels.
Main Methods:
- Gradient-gel electrophoresis was used to determine LDL subclass patterns in 79 healthy family members from 16 nuclear families.
- Statistical analysis was employed to assess the influence of genetic factors on LDL subclass phenotypes.
- Plasma lipid, apoprotein (apoB, apoA-I), triglyceride, and HDL2 levels were measured and compared between affected and unaffected individuals.
Main Results:
- Evidence suggests that LDL subclass patterns are influenced by a common allele at a single genetic locus.
- The estimated frequency of the allele for the small, dense LDL subclass phenotype was approximately 15%.
- This phenotype was predominantly observed in subjects older than 40 years and was associated with higher plasma apoprotein B and triglyceride levels, and lower apoprotein AI and HDL2 levels, despite normal overall plasma lipid levels.
Conclusions:
- A single genetic locus likely influences LDL subclass patterns, with a specific allele conferring a small, dense LDL phenotype.
- This genetic trait, present in about 15% of the studied population and more prevalent in individuals over 40, is associated with atherogenic lipoprotein and apoprotein profiles.
- The identified genetic trait may interact with other genetic or environmental factors to predispose individuals to cardiovascular disease.