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Anophthalmia in a Wild Eastern Gray Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis).

Jamie L Rothenburger¹, Elizabeth A Hartnett¹, Fiona M K James²

¹1 Department of Pathobiology and the Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Ontario-Nunavut Region, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

|July 29, 2017

Summary

Bilateral true anophthalmia, the absence of ocular tissues, was diagnosed in an eastern gray squirrel. This rare condition also involved the absence of the optic chiasm and reduced optic tract axons.

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Ophthalmology
Developmental Biology
Comparative Pathology

Background:

True anophthalmia is a rare congenital condition characterized by the complete absence of ocular tissues within the orbits.
Eastern gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) are common North American rodents, and congenital abnormalities are infrequently reported.

Observation:

A juvenile female eastern gray squirrel presented with bilateral true anophthalmia.
Histologic examination confirmed the complete absence of ocular tissues in both orbits.

Findings:

The brain exhibited an absent optic chiasm, indicating a developmental anomaly affecting the visual pathway.
Reduced axon density was noted in the optic tract adjacent to the lateral geniculate nucleus.

Implications:

This case highlights a rare congenital defect in a wild mammal, contributing to the understanding of anophthalmia.
The findings suggest a potential disruption in early neural development affecting the visual system in Sciurus carolinensis.
Further research into the genetic or environmental factors causing such anomalies in wildlife populations may be warranted.