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Related Concept Videos

Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 25, 2026

Assessment of Global DNA Double-Strand End Resection using BrdU-DNA Labeling coupled with Cell Cycle Discrimination Imaging
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It Takes Two: One Resects, One Reconstructs.

Shabnam Ghazizadeh1, Edward C Kuan1, Jon Mallen-St Clair2

  • 1Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, CHS 62-132, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America
|July 31, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Multidisciplinary head and neck cancer care utilizes a two-team surgical approach for optimal oncologic control, function, and aesthetics. This collaborative method enhances efficiency and patient outcomes in complex reconstructions.

Keywords:
Head and neck oncologyMicrovascularReconstructionSurgical techniqueTwo-team approach

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Surgical Reconstruction
  • Head and Neck Surgery

Background:

  • Advanced head and neck cancer care requires a multidisciplinary approach.
  • Head and neck cancer surgery balances oncologic control, functional preservation, and aesthetics.
  • Free tissue transfer flaps are crucial for reconstructing surgical defects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present an experience with a two-team surgical approach for head and neck cancer.
  • To outline the shared responsibilities between ablative and reconstructive surgical teams.
  • To highlight the benefits of multidisciplinary collaboration in complex head and neck cancer cases.

Main Methods:

  • Implementing a two-team surgical approach for head and neck cancer.
  • Facilitating early and continuous communication between surgical teams.
  • Meticulous operative planning for combined ablative and reconstructive procedures.
  • Utilizing free tissue transfer flaps for defect reconstruction.

Main Results:

  • The two-team approach enables efficient, combined surgical efforts.
  • Enhanced multidisciplinary collaboration leads to comprehensive surgical treatment.
  • Successful reconstruction of majority of defects using free tissue transfer flaps.
  • Improved balance between oncologic control, functional preservation, and aesthetics.

Conclusions:

  • A two-team surgical approach is effective for advanced head and neck cancer.
  • This collaborative strategy maximizes efficiency and optimizes patient care.
  • Clear delineation of responsibilities between surgical teams is key to success.