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Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia

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Published on: November 6, 2017

Multiple retinal anomalies in schizophrenia.

Selin A Adams¹, Henry A Nasrallah²

¹Resident in Psychiatry, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States.

Schizophrenia Research

|July 31, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Retinal abnormalities are increasingly evident in schizophrenia, offering potential biomarkers for early detection and intervention. These findings in the retina may illuminate neurodevelopmental aspects of this disorder.

Keywords:

Biomarker Electroretinogram Optical coherence tomography Retina Retinal nerve fiber layer thinning Schizophrenia

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Published on: June 15, 2011

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Ophthalmology
Psychiatry

Background:

The retina serves as an accessible, noninvasive window into brain pathology, particularly in neuropsychiatric disorders.
Schizophrenia is associated with various retinal abnormalities, both primary and iatrogenic.
Growing evidence indicates structural, neurochemical, and physiological retinal anomalies in schizophrenia.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and classify retinal pathologies observed in schizophrenia.
To discuss the implications of these findings for understanding schizophrenia's neurobiology.
To explore the potential of retinal anomalies as biomarkers for schizophrenia.

Main Methods:

A systematic review of studies published within the last 30 years using keywords such as "schizophrenia," "retina," "pathology," "electroretinogram (ERG)," and "optical coherence tomography (OCT)" on PubMed.
Analysis of study methodologies to identify common themes.
Classification of retinal pathologies into primary and secondary categories.

Main Results:

Secondary retinal pathology is linked to iatrogenic effects of thioridazine, including pigment deposits and reduced ERG responses.
Primary retinal findings include decreased ERG wave amplitudes, reduced macular volume, thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer, and widened venule caliber.
These primary findings were consistently observed across studies utilizing ERG, OCT, and microvascular imaging.

Conclusions:

Retinal pathobiology in schizophrenia may elucidate neurodevelopmental aberrations.
Consistent retinal anomalies can potentially serve as biomarkers for schizophrenia.
These biomarkers could aid in identifying at-risk individuals and facilitating early intervention.