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Related Concept Videos

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Infection-mediated autoimmune movement disorders.

Alberto Cucca1, Hamzeh A Migdadi1, Alessandro Di Rocco1

  • 1The Marlene & Paolo Fresco Institute for Parkinson's & Movement Disorders, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, USA.

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Infections can cause neurological issues, leading to movement disorders like chorea or Parkinsonism in adults and children. These disorders can be a direct result of infection or a delayed immune response to a past infection.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neuroimmunology

Background:

  • Infectious diseases are a leading cause of global neurological disability.
  • Movement disorders can manifest in adults and children following infections, either independently or as part of broader neurological illness.
  • These disorders stem from direct infection of brain structures or delayed immune-mediated responses to prior infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the spectrum of movement disorders associated with infectious diseases.
  • To differentiate between direct infectious and post-infectious autoimmune mechanisms.
  • To highlight common movement disorders such as chorea and Parkinsonism.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of infection-related movement disorders.
  • Analysis of direct infectious versus immune-mediated etiologies.
  • Categorization of movement disorders (hyperkinetic and hypokinetic).

Main Results:

  • Infection-related movement disorders are common, affecting motor networks directly or via immune responses.
  • Autoimmune movement disorders can develop weeks to years after the initial infection.
  • Chorea and other hyperkinetic disorders are frequent, particularly in children, while Parkinsonism and hypokinetic disorders also occur.

Conclusions:

  • Infections represent a significant etiological factor for diverse movement disorders.
  • Understanding the underlying mechanism (direct infection vs. autoimmune response) is crucial for diagnosis and management.
  • Movement disorders, including chorea and Parkinsonism, are important neurological sequelae of infectious diseases.