Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bystander Effect02:09

Bystander Effect

10.4K
The discussion of bullying highlights the problem of witnesses not intervening to help a victim. This is a common occurrence, as the following well-publicized event demonstrates. In 1964, in Queens, New York, a 19-year-old woman named Kitty Genovese was attacked by a person with a knife near the back entrance to her apartment building and again in the hallway inside her apartment building. When the attack occurred, she screamed for help numerous times and eventually died from her stab wounds.
10.4K
Robbers Cave04:49

Robbers Cave

14.9K
During the 1950s, the landmark Robbers Cave experiment demonstrated that when groups must compete with one another, intergroup conflict, hostility, and even violence may result. At the Oklahoman summer camp, two troops of boys—termed the Rattlers and the Eagles—took part in a week-long tournament. During this time, their negativity culminated in derogatory name-calling, fistfights, and even vandalism and destruction of property. However, this work also revealed that such tension...
14.9K
Social Loafing01:37

Social Loafing

39.8K
Another way in which a group presence can affect performance is social loafing—the exertion of less effort by a person working together with a group. Social loafing occurs when our individual performance cannot be evaluated separately from the group. Thus, group performance declines on easy tasks (Karau & Williams, 1993). Essentially individual group members loaf and let other group members pick up the slack. Because each individual’s efforts cannot be evaluated,...
39.8K
Factors Influencing Attraction IV: Reciprocity01:28

Factors Influencing Attraction IV: Reciprocity

323
Reciprocity in attraction is fundamental to social and romantic relationships, shaping how individuals form and maintain connections. The psychological principle underlying this phenomenon is that people tend to like those who express liking toward them. Balance theory supports this tendency, suggesting that mutual attraction fosters psychological harmony, whereas one-sided affection leads to discomfort and cognitive dissonance.The Psychological Mechanisms Behind ReciprocityWhen individuals...
323
Impact of Groups on Groups01:19

Impact of Groups on Groups

286
Social psychologists analyze how groups influence one another, shaping social structures and interactions through both cooperation and competition. These dynamics manifest in various ways, ranging from economic partnerships to intergroup conflicts that shape societal structures and perceptions.Cooperation and Competition in Intergroup RelationsIntergroup relationships vary across contexts, sometimes fostering cooperation and mutual benefit while at other times leading to conflict and...
286
Cognitive Dissonance01:38

Cognitive Dissonance

37.6K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
37.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Reduced salivary oxytocin after an empathic induction task in Intimate Partner Violence perpetrators: Importance of socio-affective functions and its impact on prosocial behavior.

Psychoneuroendocrinology·2022
Same author

Cognitive Flexibility and Reaction Time Improvements After Cognitive Training Designed for Men Perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence: Results of a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Journal of family violence·2021
Same author

Choroidal ischemia in a patient with immune thrombocytopenic purpura.

Journal francais d'ophtalmologie·2021
Same author

Hemorrhagic choroidal detachment as an initial manifestation of malignant hypertension in a young patient with nephropathy.

Journal francais d'ophtalmologie·2021
Same author

Sympathetic Nervous System Predominance in Intimate Partner Violence Perpetrators After Coping With Acute Stress.

Journal of interpersonal violence·2021
Same author

Alexithymic traits are closely related to impulsivity and cognitive and empathic dysfunctions in intimate partner violence perpetrators: New targets for intervention.

Applied neuropsychology. Adult·2019

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 25, 2026

Assessment of Social Interaction Behaviors
06:41

Assessment of Social Interaction Behaviors

Published on: February 25, 2011

95.5K

Does being a Stranger make it Difficult to Cooperate?

P Sariñana-González1, Á Romero-Martínez1, L Moya-Albiol1

  • 1Universitat de Valencia(Spain).

The Spanish Journal of Psychology
|August 1, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Cooperating with strangers in face-to-face interactions is more stressful than competing or working alone, leading to higher cortisol and anxiety levels, especially with negative outcomes. This highlights the social stress of cooperation.

Keywords:
anxietycompetitioncooperationcortisolsocial interaction

More Related Videos

A Task for Assessing the Impact of a Partner on the Speed and Accuracy of Motor Performance in Rats
06:17

A Task for Assessing the Impact of a Partner on the Speed and Accuracy of Motor Performance in Rats

Published on: October 17, 2019

5.3K
Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
05:22

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

5.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 25, 2026

Assessment of Social Interaction Behaviors
06:41

Assessment of Social Interaction Behaviors

Published on: February 25, 2011

95.5K
A Task for Assessing the Impact of a Partner on the Speed and Accuracy of Motor Performance in Rats
06:17

A Task for Assessing the Impact of a Partner on the Speed and Accuracy of Motor Performance in Rats

Published on: October 17, 2019

5.3K
Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
05:22

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

5.8K

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Neuroscience
  • Stress Research

Background:

  • Interpersonal social interactions involve cooperative and competitive strategies to achieve goals.
  • Understanding the stress associated with different social interaction types is crucial for well-being.
  • Previous research has not fully elucidated the comparative stress levels of cooperation versus competition in controlled dyadic settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether cooperative or competitive social interaction is more stressful in face-to-face same-sex dyads.
  • To examine the moderating roles of task outcomes (positive/negative) and sex.
  • To compare stress responses to cooperation, competition, and solitary task performance.

Main Methods:

  • 178 healthy young participants engaged in face-to-face same-sex dyadic tasks (cooperative, competitive) or solitary performance.
  • Salivary cortisol (Csal) was measured pre-task and at four post-task time points (0, 15, 30, 45 min).
  • State anxiety was assessed before and immediately after tasks.

Main Results:

  • Cooperative interactions with negative outcomes yielded higher Csal levels compared to solitary work with negative outcomes.
  • Participants in cooperative dyads reported significantly higher state anxiety levels than other groups.
  • Cooperation, particularly with negative outcomes, emerged as the most stressful condition.

Conclusions:

  • Cooperation among strangers in face-to-face dyads is a significant source of social stress, exceeding that of competition or solitary work.
  • These findings have implications for understanding social stress in various contexts, including decision-making between cooperation and competition.
  • The heightened stress response during cooperation underscores the need for careful consideration in social dynamics and goal attainment strategies.