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An in vitro model for assessing effective scrapie decontamination.

K C Gough1, C A Baker2, B C Maddison2

  • 1School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, The University of Nottingham, College Rd., Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK.

Veterinary Microbiology
|August 1, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Current farm decontamination methods fail to eliminate persistent scrapie infectivity. Effective prion removal from concrete surfaces requires repeat treatments with 20,000ppm available chlorine for 4 hours.

Keywords:
DecontaminationFomitePrionScrapiesPMCA

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Science
  • Prion Disease Research
  • Environmental Decontamination

Background:

  • Scrapie infectivity persists in the farm environment, posing a risk even after infected animals are removed.
  • Existing farm decontamination guidelines are insufficient to eliminate prion contamination.
  • Prions are highly resistant to standard disinfection procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate an in vitro method for assessing decontamination efficacy against scrapie prions on concrete surfaces.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of current decontamination protocols.
  • To identify effective treatments for prion removal from farm building surfaces.

Main Methods:

  • An in vitro model using concrete fomites spiked with diluted scrapie positive brain homogenate was established.
  • Serial protein misfolding cyclic amplification (sPMCA) assay was used to quantify prion seeding activity before and after decontamination.
  • Various decontamination treatments were tested, including currently recommended methods and chlorine-based solutions.

Main Results:

  • Standard prion decontamination methods showed inadequate reduction of prion seeding activity in the sPMCA assay.
  • Repeat surface treatment with 20,000ppm available chlorine for 4 hours effectively reduced prion seeding activity.
  • Concrete surfaces contaminated with scrapie prions were effectively decontaminated using a specific chlorine concentration and duration.

Conclusions:

  • Current guidelines for farm decontamination are insufficient to eradicate scrapie prions from contaminated surfaces.
  • A validated in vitro method using sPMCA can assess prion decontamination efficacy.
  • Effective decontamination of scrapie prions from concrete requires intensive treatment with high-concentration chlorine solutions.