Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 25, 2026

In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Naïve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-β-containing Protocol
Published on: December 30, 2016
The regulation of immune tolerance by FOXP3
Ling Lu1, Joseph Barbi2, Fan Pan3
1Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
Abstract:
The proper restraint of the destructive potential of the immune system is essential for maintaining health. Regulatory T (Treg) cells ensure immune homeostasis through their defining ability to suppress the activation and function of other leukocytes. The expression of the transcription factor forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3) is a well-recognized characteristic of Treg cells, and FOXP3 is centrally involved in the establishment and maintenance of the Treg cell phenotype. In this Review, we summarize how the expression and activity of FOXP3 are regulated across multiple layers by diverse factors. The therapeutic implications of these topics for cancer and autoimmunity are also discussed.
Related Concept Videos
T Cell Types and Functions
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Inflammatory Response
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Master Transcription Regulators
Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

