Nonconventional Markers of Sepsis

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Clinical Diagnostics
• Biomarker Discovery

Background:

• Sepsis presents a significant healthcare challenge with high mortality rates.
• Early diagnosis and monitoring are crucial for improving sepsis patient outcomes.
• Conventional sepsis markers like procalcitonin and C-reactive protein have limitations, driving the search for novel biomarkers.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review novel, nonconventional biomarkers for sepsis severity recognition.
• To explore the diagnostic and monitoring implications of serum and urinary biomarkers.
• To highlight the potential of presepsin, actin, actin scavenger proteins, and orosomucoid in sepsis management.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on nonconventional sepsis biomarkers.
• Analysis of studies investigating serum and urinary levels of novel markers.
• Discussion of the association between biomarker levels and sepsis severity, outcome, and acute kidney injury.

Main Results:

• Increasing serum actin and decreasing actin-binding proteins correlate with sepsis severity and outcome.
• Elevated urinary actin levels are found in sepsis-related acute kidney injury.
• Both serum and urinary orosomucoid can indicate sepsis, with urinary orosomucoid being a more sensitive inflammatory marker.

Conclusions:

• Novel laboratory tests, including actin and orosomucoid, offer new diagnostic and monitoring possibilities for sepsis.
• Urinary biomarkers provide additional insights into kidney function and the septic process.
• Early detection through novel biomarkers can significantly aid clinical decision-making and improve sepsis treatment success.