Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 25, 2026
12:03
Receptor Autoradiography Protocol for the Localized Visualization of Angiotensin II Receptors
Published on: June 7, 2016
18.5K
Renin-Angiotensin System in Diabetes
Johannes Rein1, Michael Bader1,2,3,4,5
1Charite - University Medicine Berlin, Germany.
Protein and Peptide Letters
|August 1, 2017
Summary
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has two axes impacting diabetes. Angiotensin II is harmful, while angiotensin (1-7) is protective, offering therapeutic targets for diabetic complications.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Cardiovascular Research
- Nephrology
Background:
- The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) comprises two axes: the classical (angiotensin II) and the newer (angiotensin 1-7).
- Both RAS axes play roles in diabetes mellitus and its associated complications like nephropathy, retinopathy, and cardiomyopathy.
- In diabetic conditions, angiotensin II generally exerts detrimental effects, whereas angiotensin 1-7 demonstrates protective properties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current understanding of the distinct roles of the two RAS axes in diabetes mellitus.
- To explore the therapeutic potential of modulating RAS axes for managing diabetic complications.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies investigating the renin-angiotensin system in diabetes.
- Analysis of research on angiotensin II and angiotensin 1-7 in diabetic pathogenesis.
- Examination of pharmacological interventions targeting the RAS for diabetes therapy.
Main Results:
- Evidence indicates opposing roles for angiotensin II (deleterious) and angiotensin 1-7 (protective) in diabetes.
- Both axes are implicated in the development of diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, and cardiomyopathy.
- Modulation of RAS activity presents a promising therapeutic strategy for diabetic complications.
Conclusions:
- The dual axes of the renin-angiotensin system differentially regulate diabetic complications.
- Targeting the balance between angiotensin II and angiotensin 1-7 offers a novel therapeutic avenue for managing diabetes and its sequelae.
- Further research into RAS-modulating drugs is warranted for effective diabetes treatment.
Related Concept Videos
01:25Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors
1.6K
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is an intricate physiological pathway involving numerous enzymes and hormones, including renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin I and II, and aldosterone. Imbalances within this system increase the production of angiotensin II and aldosterone. Increased angiotensin II levels promote vasoconstriction and blood pressure elevation. Concurrently, higher aldosterone levels stimulate sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys,...
1.6K
01:30Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
2.7K
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), a vital component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, is abundant in lung endothelial cells. ACE converts the inactive decapeptide, angiotensin I, into the active octapeptide, angiotensin II. This potent vasoconstrictor narrows blood vessels, increasing resistance to blood flow and elevating blood pressure. Angiotensin II also stimulates aldosterone production, encouraging kidney cells to reabsorb more sodium and water from urine, thereby increasing...
2.7K
01:33Hormonal Regulation
36.5K
The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
36.5K
01:13Introduction to Urinary System
10.0K
The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder, and the urethra.
The kidneys are bean-shaped organs located in the retroperitoneal space, on either side of the vertebral column, between the T12 and L3 vertebrae. They are partially protected by the rib cage and surrounded by perirenal fat, which provides cushioning. They are responsible for urine formation and play critical roles in regulating blood pressure, electrolyte levels, and hormone production. The ureters...
The kidneys are bean-shaped organs located in the retroperitoneal space, on either side of the vertebral column, between the T12 and L3 vertebrae. They are partially protected by the rib cage and surrounded by perirenal fat, which provides cushioning. They are responsible for urine formation and play critical roles in regulating blood pressure, electrolyte levels, and hormone production. The ureters...
10.0K
01:30Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
2.8K
In the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, a hormone called angiotensin II plays a crucial role. It binds to the AT1 receptors in vascular smooth muscles coupled with Gq proteins. The activation of these receptors activates an enzyme called phospholipase C, which releases two molecules: inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. These molecules cause a chain reaction that leads to the phosphorylation of myosin light chains and promotes interaction between actin and myosin, leading to smooth...
2.8K
01:26Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System
1.3K
The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
1.3K