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Related Concept Videos

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Hybridoma technology is used for the large-scale production of monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies bind to only a single antigenic determinant or epitope. Such antibodies are used in research, diagnostics, and disease therapy. The hybridoma technology established in 1975 by Georges Köhler and Cesar Milstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1984 for revolutionizing research and therapy.
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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 25, 2026

Simultaneous Quantification of Anti-vector and Anti-transgene-Specific CD8+ T Cells Via MHC I Tetramer Staining After Vaccination with a Viral Vector
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B Cell Tetramer Development for Veterinary Vaccinology.

Michael C Rahe1, Kevin L Gustafson1, Michael P Murtaugh1

  • 1Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota , St. Paul, Minnesota.

Viral Immunology
|August 1, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel B cell tetramer for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) nsp7. This tool efficiently detects rare memory B cells, aiding vaccine development and understanding swine immunity.

Keywords:
B cellELISAPRRSVmemorynsp7tetramer

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Determination of Vaccine Immunogenicity Using Bovine Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Immunology
  • Virology
  • Animal Health

Background:

  • Immunological memory is crucial for protection against pathogens after vaccination or infection.
  • Assessing veterinary animal memory immune responses is challenging due to a lack of specific tools.
  • This hinders the evaluation of protective immunity and vaccine development in food and fiber animals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the gap in tools for studying swine immunological memory.
  • To develop a novel reagent for investigating the memory B cell response to PRRSV.
  • To facilitate the characterization of PRRSV-specific B cell immunity in pigs.

Main Methods:

  • Creation of a B cell tetramer targeting PRRSV nonstructural protein 7 (nsp7).
  • Validation of the tetramer using modified capture ELISA, tetramer pulldowns, and flow cytometry.
  • Detection of rare, antigen-specific B cells in immune animals.

Main Results:

  • The nsp7-B cell tetramer successfully detected antigen-specific B cells.
  • Rare B cells were identified at a frequency of approximately 0.001% of total B lymphocytes.
  • The reagent demonstrated efficiency and effectiveness in investigating memory B cell responses.

Conclusions:

  • The nsp7-B cell tetramer is a valuable tool for characterizing PRRSV-specific memory B cell responses in swine.
  • This advancement is fundamental for understanding swine immunological competence and resistance to PRRSV.
  • The developed method is expected to be broadly applicable to studying immunity against other veterinary pathogens.