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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Cancer Prevention02:59

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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies
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Preventive therapy for cancer.

Jack Cuzick1

  • 1Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.

The Lancet. Oncology
|August 1, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Therapeutic cancer prevention strategies, like low-dose aspirin and HPV vaccination, offer significant population benefits. Targeted therapies and rigorous evaluation of new compounds are crucial for advancing public health.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Preventive Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Therapeutic cancer prevention parallels successes in cardiovascular disease prevention.
  • Lifestyle factors like weight control and physical activity are important for both disease types.
  • Emerging strategies offer new avenues for cancer risk reduction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current therapeutic cancer prevention strategies.
  • To highlight population-level benefits of interventions like aspirin and vaccination.
  • To discuss the targeted application of therapies and the need for rigorous evaluation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of established and emerging cancer prevention strategies.
  • Analysis of population benefit and risk-benefit ratios for interventions.
  • Discussion of identification algorithms and delivery platforms for targeted therapies.

Main Results:

  • Low-dose aspirin is recommended for individuals over 50 without contraindications.
  • Universal human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, ideally the nine-valent type, provides substantial population benefit.
  • Anti-estrogen drugs are suitable for high-risk groups; β-carotene and vitamin E require further evaluation due to potential harm.

Conclusions:

  • Key strategies include aspirin for older adults and HPV vaccination for adolescents.
  • Targeted therapies and improved identification methods are essential for high-risk populations.
  • Rigorous evaluation of novel compounds is necessary before widespread adoption.