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Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations
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Functional neural circuits that underlie developmental stuttering.

Jianping Qiao1,2, Zhishun Wang2, Guihu Zhao3

  • 1School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, Institute of Data Science and Technology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.

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|August 1, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain connectivity differences in persons who stutter (PWS) show altered functional and effective connectivity. These neural markers accurately distinguish PWS from typically developing individuals, suggesting potential biomarkers for stuttering.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Speech Science
  • Biomarkers

Background:

  • Stuttering is a complex speech disorder affecting millions.
  • Understanding the neural underpinnings of stuttering is crucial for developing effective interventions.
  • Previous research suggests altered brain activity in persons who stutter (PWS), but functional and effective connectivity differences remain to be fully elucidated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify differences in functional and effective brain connectivity between PWS and typically developing (TD) fluent speakers.
  • To determine if these connectivity differences can serve as biomarkers for distinguishing PWS from TD controls.
  • To investigate the role of specific brain regions, including the supplementary motor area (SMA), inferior frontal cortex (IFG), basal ganglia, and thalamus, in stuttering.

Main Methods:

  • Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were acquired from 44 PWS and 50 TD controls.
  • Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and Hierarchical Partner Matching (HPM) were used to identify reproducible functional brain networks.
  • Granger Causality (GC) analysis was employed to assess effective connectivity (directional influence) between brain regions.
  • A kernel support vector machine (SVM) was utilized to evaluate the classification accuracy of identified connectivity measures.

Main Results:

  • Functional connectivity was significantly stronger in PWS within the SMA and primary motor cortices compared to TD controls.
  • Conversely, functional connectivity was weaker in PWS in the IFG (Broca's area), caudate, putamen, and thalamus.
  • Effective connectivity analyses revealed significantly weaker directed influences from the IFG to the SMA and from the basal ganglia to the IFG via the thalamus in PWS compared to TD controls.
  • Combined ICA and GC indices achieved a high classification accuracy of 92.7% in distinguishing PWS from TD controls.

Conclusions:

  • The findings indicate dysfunctional neural circuits in PWS related to speech planning, timing, and motor execution.
  • Aberrant functional and effective brain connectivity patterns in PWS may serve as robust biomarkers for stuttering.
  • This study provides valuable insights into the neurobiology of stuttering and highlights the potential for neuroimaging-based diagnostic tools.