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Egocentric and allocentric spatial reference frames in aging: A systematic review.

Desirée Colombo1, Silvia Serino2, Cosimo Tuena1

  • 1Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Via Magnasco, 2 20149 Milan, Italy.

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Summary

Healthy aging impacts spatial navigation, preserving egocentric strategies but impairing allocentric ones. Spatial memory decline is less frame-specific, with implications for mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's Disease.

Keywords:
AgingAllocentric reference frameEgocentric reference frameNavigationSpatial memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Aging is associated with declines in cognitive functions, including spatial memory and navigation.
  • These declines impact daily living, affecting autonomy and quality of life.
  • Understanding age-related spatial changes is crucial for cognitive health in later life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review research on allocentric and egocentric frames in healthy aging.
  • To identify specific impairments in spatial memory and navigation during aging.
  • To discuss findings in the context of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD).

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines.
  • Focused on studies investigating allocentric and egocentric spatial frames in healthy aging populations.
  • Synthesized findings on spatial navigation and spatial memory performance.

Main Results:

  • Healthy aging preserves egocentric spatial navigation strategies.
  • Impairments were observed in allocentric spatial navigation and the ability to switch between frames.
  • Spatial memory decline in aging was not consistently frame-specific, showing divergent outcomes.
  • Findings suggest distinct patterns for spatial navigation versus spatial memory changes.

Conclusions:

  • Aging differentially affects spatial navigation strategies, favoring egocentric over allocentric.
  • Spatial memory decline in aging is complex and not solely dependent on frame specificity.
  • These age-related spatial changes may inform our understanding of cognitive profiles in MCI and AD.