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Related Concept Videos

Transcription in Prokaryotes01:28

Transcription in Prokaryotes

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Transcription is a highly regulated process that converts genetic information into RNA molecules. The transcription cycle is divided into three key stages: initiation, elongation, and termination, each driven by specific molecular mechanisms.Initiation of TranscriptionIn bacteria, transcription begins when the RNA polymerase core enzyme associates with a sigma factor to form a holoenzyme. For example, the E. coli sigma factor called σ70 forms a holoenzyme, which recognizes the -10 (Pribnow...
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Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes02:42

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Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
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Bacterial Transcription01:53

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RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
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Transcription Initiation01:47

Transcription Initiation

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Initiation is the first step of transcription in eukaryotes. Prokaryotic RNA Polymerase (RNAP) can bind to the template DNA and start transcribing. On the other hand, transcription in eukaryotes requires additional proteins, called transcription factors, to first bind to the promoter region in the DNA template. This binding helps recruit the specific RNAP that can assemble on the DNA and start transcription.
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Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
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Analysis of Termination of Transcription Using BrUTP-strand-specific Transcription Run-on TRO Approach
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Factor-dependent archaeal transcription termination.

Julie E Walker1, Olivia Luyties2, Thomas J Santangelo1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 julie.walker@colostate.edu thomas.santangelo@colostate.edu.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|August 2, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers discovered euryarchaeal termination activity (Eta), the first archaeal transcription termination factor. This factor disrupts transcription elongation complexes (TECs) and is crucial for cell growth and DNA repair.

Keywords:
ArchaeaEtaRNA polymerasefactor-dependent transcription terminationtranscription

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • RNA polymerase activity is regulated by nascent RNA, DNA sequences, and transcription factors.
  • Transcription initiation and elongation factors are known across domains, but termination factors were only identified in bacteria and eukarya.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize the first archaeal transcription termination factor.
  • To investigate the mechanism and in vivo role of this archaeal termination factor.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of euryarchaeal termination activity (Eta).
  • Analysis of Eta-mediated transcription termination rate and requirements.
  • In vivo studies involving deletion of the gene encoding Eta (TK0566).

Main Results:

  • Identified Eta as the first archaeal termination factor capable of disrupting the transcription elongation complex (TEC).
  • Eta-mediated termination is energy-dependent, requires upstream DNA sequences, and releases nascent RNA.
  • Deletion of the Eta gene (TK0566) leads to slow growth and sensitivity to DNA damaging agents.

Conclusions:

  • The mechanisms of TEC disruption by termination factors may be conserved across archaea, eukarya, and bacteria.
  • Eta plays a vital role in transcription termination in vivo, stimulating the release of stalled or arrested TECs.