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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

5.7K
Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
4.0K
What is the Skeletal System?01:02

What is the Skeletal System?

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Overview
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Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

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The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 25, 2026

Author Spotlight: Integrating Traditional Chinese Medicine with Modern Pharmacology and Genomics for Assessing Postmenopausal Osteoporosis in Mice
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Author Spotlight: Integrating Traditional Chinese Medicine with Modern Pharmacology and Genomics for Assessing Postmenopausal Osteoporosis in Mice

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Osteoporosis.

Kristine E Ensrud1, Carolyn J Crandall1

  • 1From the University of Minnesota and Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and the University of California, Los Angeles, California.

Annals of Internal Medicine
|August 2, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Primary care clinicians often overlook osteoporosis management and fracture prevention, even in high-risk patients. Implementing evidence-based screening and tailored pharmacotherapy is crucial for effective fracture prevention and minimizing drug risks.

Area of Science:

  • Geriatrics
  • Orthopedics
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Osteoporosis is a prevalent skeletal disorder characterized by bone fragility and elevated fracture risk.
  • Despite the high incidence, primary care management of osteoporosis and fracture prevention is frequently inadequate, particularly in elderly patients with recent fractures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the importance of evidence-based screening strategies for identifying patients who would benefit from pharmacotherapy.
  • To highlight the need for careful consideration of pharmacotherapy initiation, medication selection, and treatment duration to optimize fracture prevention and mitigate long-term drug-related harms.

Main Methods:

  • This study reviews current evidence and clinical guidelines for osteoporosis screening and management.
  • It analyzes the benefits and risks associated with pharmacotherapy for fracture prevention.

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Main Results:

  • Evidence-based screening significantly improves the identification of patients most likely to benefit from osteoporosis medications.
  • Optimizing pharmacotherapy initiation, choice of drug, and treatment duration can maximize fracture prevention while minimizing potential harms.

Conclusions:

  • Improved screening and tailored pharmacotherapy strategies are essential for effective osteoporosis management in primary care.
  • A proactive approach to osteoporosis treatment is necessary to reduce fracture risk and improve patient outcomes.