Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Schemas01:42

Schemas

12.4K
A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
12.4K
Deindividuation00:57

Deindividuation

31.0K
Deindividuation is a form of social influence on an individual’s behavior such that the individual engages in unusual or non-normal behavior while in a group setting. Why? Because in these group settings, the individual no longer sees themselves as an individual anymore, disinhibiting their behavior and personal restraint.
31.0K
Nonconscious Mimicry01:13

Nonconscious Mimicry

5.2K
Nonconscious mimicry occurs when individuals alter their mannerisms to match the behaviors and expressions of those nearby, without intention.
5.2K
Stereotype Content Model02:16

Stereotype Content Model

15.5K
The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence...
15.5K
Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies02:09

Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies

42.8K
When we hold a stereotype about a person, we have expectations that he or she will fulfill that stereotype. A self-fulfilling prophecy is an expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a way that tends to make it true. When we hold stereotypes about a person, we tend to treat the person according to our expectations. This treatment can influence the person to act according to our stereotypic expectations, thus confirming our stereotypic beliefs. Research by Rosenthal and...
42.8K
Hindsight Biases01:12

Hindsight Biases

4.4K
Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now? 
4.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Linking inflammatory and structural neuroimaging biomarkers in treatment-resistant depression: Current evidence and emerging hypotheses.

Neuroscience applied·2026
Same author

Pediatric meningoencephalitis in the molecular diagnostic era: epidemiological insights from 1198 suspected cases in Germany between 2016 and 2024.

Infection·2026
Same author

Response to "Gene-environment interactions and white matter integrity in mood disorders: Further directions".

European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology·2026
Same author

Renal Hemorrhage in Severe Hemophilia A.

Deutsches Arzteblatt international·2026
Same author

Shift to the core: Abnormal core-periphery global topography in unipolar and bipolar depression.

Journal of affective disorders·2026
Same author

Insulin Resistance and Leptin Dysregulation Impact In Vivo Brain Structure and Cognitive Functioning in Mood Disorders: A Multimodal Partial Least Squares Path Modeling Study.

Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging·2026
Same journal

Editorial: Verification, Falsification, and the Methodology Paradigm Shift for Scientific Psychology.

PsyCh journal·2026
Same journal

Exploratory Graph Analysis Failed to Reproduce the Hypothesized Functional Zoning Framework in the OECD Survey on Social and Emotional Skills.

PsyCh journal·2026
Same journal

Mapping Theoretical Frameworks of Positive Psychology in Second Language Acquisition Research: A Scoping Review.

PsyCh journal·2026
Same journal

Gender-Specific Depression-Anxiety Symptom Networks and the Impact of Weight Status: Insights From a Large-Scale Study.

PsyCh journal·2026
Same journal

Effects of Affect and Source on Adoption of Health Information.

PsyCh journal·2026
Same journal

Integrating Transdiagnostic and Biopsychosocial Approaches to Move Beyond Categorical Diagnoses in Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Perspective Review.

PsyCh journal·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 25, 2026

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues
07:34

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues

Published on: June 3, 2013

18.0K

Human-vehicle embodiment when predictability is violated.

Koji Tanida1,2, Marco Paolini3, Sarita Silveira4

  • 1Honda R&D Co., Ltd. Automobile R&D Center, Tochigi, Japan.

Psych Journal
|August 2, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human-vehicle interaction shows higher embodiment for perceived safety than risk. Experiencing a vehicle as a body extension reduces operational effort when expectations are violated, indicated by motor system neural activity.

Keywords:
anticipationembodimenthuman-vehicle interactionmotor system

More Related Videos

Simulation of Human-induced Vibrations Based on the Characterized In-field Pedestrian Behavior
10:52

Simulation of Human-induced Vibrations Based on the Characterized In-field Pedestrian Behavior

Published on: April 13, 2016

9.2K
Visualization Method for Proprioceptive Drift on a 2D Plane Using Support Vector Machine
07:05

Visualization Method for Proprioceptive Drift on a 2D Plane Using Support Vector Machine

Published on: October 27, 2016

9.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 25, 2026

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues
07:34

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues

Published on: June 3, 2013

18.0K
Simulation of Human-induced Vibrations Based on the Characterized In-field Pedestrian Behavior
10:52

Simulation of Human-induced Vibrations Based on the Characterized In-field Pedestrian Behavior

Published on: April 13, 2016

9.2K
Visualization Method for Proprioceptive Drift on a 2D Plane Using Support Vector Machine
07:05

Visualization Method for Proprioceptive Drift on a 2D Plane Using Support Vector Machine

Published on: October 27, 2016

9.7K

Area of Science:

  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Automotive Engineering

Background:

  • Understanding human-vehicle interaction is crucial for designing intuitive and safe driving experiences.
  • The concept of embodiment, or feeling a system as an extension of oneself, influences user perception and performance.
  • Previous research has explored embodiment in various contexts, but its specific role in perceived safety versus risk in vehicles requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between embodiment in human-vehicle interaction and perceived safety versus perceived risk.
  • To examine how the violation of operational anticipations affects the experience of the vehicle as a body extension.
  • To determine the correlation between this embodied experience and operational effort, using neural activation in the motor system as an indicator.

Main Methods:

  • Participants engaged in simulated driving scenarios designed to elicit varying levels of perceived safety and risk.
  • Neural activation in the motor system was measured using electroencephalography (EEG) during these scenarios.
  • Subjective ratings of embodiment, perceived safety, perceived risk, and operational effort were collected.

Main Results:

  • Embodiment in human-vehicle interaction was found to be significantly higher for perceived safety compared to perceived risk.
  • When operational anticipations were violated, the experience of the vehicle as a body extension showed a negative correlation with operational effort.
  • This negative correlation was supported by reduced neural activation in the motor system, indicating less cognitive and physical effort.

Conclusions:

  • The findings suggest that a stronger sense of embodiment enhances perceived safety in human-vehicle interactions.
  • Violating operational expectations can disrupt the embodied experience, leading to increased operational effort, as evidenced by motor system activity.
  • These insights have implications for designing advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) and autonomous vehicles that foster a sense of safety and reduce cognitive load.