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Related Concept Videos

Peritoneum01:21

Peritoneum

10.2K
The peritoneum is a vital membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers most of the organs within it. It plays a crucial role in protecting the organs, providing a smooth surface for their movement, and facilitating various physiological processes. Understanding the anatomy and function of the peritoneum is essential for comprehending the complexities of the abdominal region.
Anatomy of the Peritoneum
The peritoneum is divided into two layers: the parietal peritoneum and the visceral...
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Abdominal Regions and Quadrants01:19

Abdominal Regions and Quadrants

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To promote clear communication, for instance, about the location of a patient's abdominal pain or a suspicious mass, anatomists and clinicians typically use imaginary lines to categorize the abdominopelvic cavity into either four quadrants or nine regions to identify organs in the cavity.
The simpler quadrants approach, which is more commonly used in medicine, subdivides the cavity with one horizontal and one vertical line that intersects at the patient's umbilicus (navel). The four...
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Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

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The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
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Ureters01:22

Ureters

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The ureters are retroperitoneal tubes located on either side of the vertebral column. They are responsible for transporting urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder. These tubes have thick walls and are approximately 25-30 cm long. Their diameter is around 10 mm at the renal pelvis, gradually narrowing to 1 mm as the ureter obliquely enters the posterior bladder wall through the ureteric orifices. The shape of these orifices is slit-like, which helps to prevent urine backflow toward the...
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Muscles of the Abdomen01:21

Muscles of the Abdomen

3.8K
The abdominal wall encircles the abdominal cavity, providing flexible protection and shielding the internal organs from harm. It is bordered at the top by the xiphoid process and costal margins, at the back by the vertebral column, and at the bottom by the pelvic bones and inguinal ligament. The abdominal wall is divided into two regions — the anterolateral and posterior regions.
Anterolateral Region
The anterolateral region comprises five paired muscles classified into the lateral and...
3.8K
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System I: Kidneys and Ureters01:11

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System I: Kidneys and Ureters

765
The upper urinary system comprises two kidneys and two ureters, which are crucial in filtering blood and forming urine.KidneysLocation and Structure:The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs positioned behind the peritoneum on either side of the spine.Kidneys are between the 12th thoracic (T12) and the 3rd lumbar (L3) vertebrae.The position of the liver causes the right kidney to sit slightly lower than the left.Protective Layers:Each kidney is enveloped in a tough, fibrous membrane called the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 25, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Retroperitoneal Approach for Necrotizing Pancreatitis
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Author Spotlight: Advancements in Retroperitoneal Approach for Necrotizing Pancreatitis

Published on: March 15, 2024

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[The Retroperitoneal space].

Andrea Mancini1, Mario Meola2, Giuseppe Tarantino1

  • 1Struttura Complessa di Nefrologia e Dialisi, Ospedale DiVenere, Bari.

Giornale Italiano Di Nefrologia : Organo Ufficiale Della Societa Italiana Di Nefrologia
|August 2, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A woman with breast cancer developed anuric renal failure due to retroperitoneal fibrosis. Imaging revealed a fluid collection mistaken for the bladder, causing obstructive uropathy.

Keywords:
hydronephrosisretroperitoneal fibrosisretroperitoneal spaceurinoma

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Radiology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • A 45-year-old woman with a history of breast cancer presented with anuric renal failure and bilateral hydronephrosis.
  • The patient experienced recurrent anuria despite bilateral ureteral stent placement.

Observation:

  • Ultrasound revealed hydronephrotic kidneys, properly positioned stents, and a hypo-anechoic mass enveloping the aorta.
  • Color Doppler imaging showed unusual fluid flow within the bladder, and the Foley catheter balloon was not visualized in the expected location.
  • Subsequent CT urography demonstrated bilateral hydronephrosis caused by a retroperitoneal fibrous plaque compressing the ureters.

Findings:

  • The imaging findings strongly suggested acute obstructive renal failure secondary to retroperitoneal fibrosis.
  • An encapsulated fluid collection was identified, which had been misinterpreted as the bladder.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of comprehensive imaging in diagnosing complex renal failure.
  • Misinterpretation of imaging findings can lead to diagnostic delays and inappropriate management.
  • The retroperitoneal fluid collection's etiology requires further investigation, with possibilities including hematoma, urinoma, inflammation, or lymphocele.