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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

T Cell Types and Functions

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 25, 2026

Generation of Human Chimeric Antigen Receptor Regulatory T Cells

Generation of Human Chimeric Antigen Receptor Regulatory T Cells

Published on: January 3, 2025

Opening the Regulatory T Cell Toolbox

Benjamin D Singer¹

¹1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, Illinois.

American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology

|August 2, 2017

Summary

No abstract available in PubMed .

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