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Related Concept Videos

Clathrin Coated Vesicles01:12

Clathrin Coated Vesicles

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Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...
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Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles01:32

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Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
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Coat Assembly and GTPases01:33

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Vesicles incorporate different coat protein subunits in different cell locations, which changes the properties of the coat, such as the shape and geometry of the transport vesicles. Thus, vesicle coat proteins also play a significant role in cargo selection.
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Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

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After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
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Drugs that Stabilize Microtubules01:15

Drugs that Stabilize Microtubules

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Microtubules are dynamic structures that undergo cycles of catastrophe and rescue. The microtubules play a central role in cell division by forming the spindle apparatus for segregating the chromosomes. This makes them ideal targets for regulating dividing cells in tumors and malignant cancer cells. Microtubule stabilizing drugs help stabilize the microtubule formation and promote its polymerization. Paclitaxel was the first microtubule stabilizing agent used as anticancer drug in chemotherapy...
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COP Coated Vesicles00:59

COP Coated Vesicles

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Membrane-enclosed structures called vesicles transport proteins and lipids across the cell. The vesicles derive their cargo from the plasma membrane, Golgi, ER, or endosome. Coated vesicles are spherical, protein-coated carriers with a 50–100 nm diameter that mediate bidirectional transport between the ER and the Golgi. The distribution of proteins between the ER and Golgi complex is dynamic and is maintained by different coated vesicles. Their formation is driven by the assembly of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 25, 2026

Directed Assembly of Elastin-like Proteins into defined Supramolecular Structures and Cargo Encapsulation In Vitro
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Cyclodextrin/Paclitaxel Dimer Assembling Vesicles: Reversible Morphology Transition and Cargo Delivery.

Qing Pei1,2, Xiuli Hu1, Lei Wang1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun, Jilin 130022, People's Republic of China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|August 2, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Researchers created stable supramolecular vesicles using host-guest interactions between beta-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) and paclitaxel (PTX) prodrugs. These vesicles can reversibly transform into nanoparticles for controlled drug delivery applications.

Keywords:
drug deliveryhost−guest complexationreversible structure transitionsupramolecularvesicles

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Host-guest complexation is a key strategy in supramolecular chemistry.
  • Paclitaxel (PTX) is a widely used anticancer drug, but its delivery remains challenging.
  • Prodrug strategies can improve drug solubility and targeted delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop stable supramolecular binary vesicles using host-guest interactions.
  • To investigate the reversible transformation between vesicles and nanoparticles.
  • To explore the potential of these systems for controlled drug and dye delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Host-guest complexation between beta-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) and paclitaxel (PTX) dimer.
  • Characterization using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and 2D-ROESY spectroscopy.
  • Self-assembly into vesicles and transformation to nanoparticles (NPs) using amantadine hydrochloride or α-amylase.

Main Results:

  • Stable supramolecular binary vesicles with an average diameter of 230 nm were successfully formed.
  • Vesicles demonstrated reversible transformation into nanoparticles and back by adjusting β-CD concentration or enzymatic digestion.
  • The hollow supramolecular vesicles effectively loaded hydrophilic (indocyanine green) and hydrophobic (doxorubicin) molecules for controlled release.

Conclusions:

  • A novel strategy for designing supramolecular systems using prodrugs as building blocks was established.
  • The developed vesicles and nanoparticles offer a versatile platform for controlled release applications.
  • This work highlights the potential of host-guest chemistry in creating advanced drug delivery systems.