Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Potential Due to a Polarized Object01:29

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

838
A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
838
Molecular Shape and Polarity03:37

Molecular Shape and Polarity

76.4K
Dipole Moment of a Molecule
76.4K
Induced Electric Dipoles01:28

Induced Electric Dipoles

4.9K
A permanent electric dipole orients itself along an external electric field. This rotation can be quantified by defining the potential energy because the external torque does work in rotating it. Then, the potential energy is minimum at the parallel configuration and maximum at the antiparallel configuration. While the former is a stable equilibrium, the latter is an unstable equilibrium.
Since the absolute value of potential energy holds no physical meaning, its zero value can be chosen as per...
4.9K
Electric Dipoles and Dipole Moment01:30

Electric Dipoles and Dipole Moment

6.6K
Consider two charges of equal magnitude but opposite signs. If they cannot be separated by an external electric field, the system is called a permanent dipole. For example, the water molecule is a dipole, making it a good solvent.
Theoretically, studying electric dipoles leads to understanding why the resultant electric forces around us are weak. Since electric forces are strong, remnant net charges are rare. Hence, the interaction between dipoles helps us understand electrical interactions in...
6.6K
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

73.9K
Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
73.9K
Bond Polarity, Dipole Moment, and Percent Ionic Character02:48

Bond Polarity, Dipole Moment, and Percent Ionic Character

36.0K
Bond Polarity
36.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Effects of Concentration, Salinity and Temperature on the Conformations of Zwitterionic Poly(2-Vinylpyridine‑<i>N</i>‑Oxide) Chains in Semidilute Solutions Probed by Small-Angle X‑Ray and Neutron Scattering.

Macromolecules·2026
Same author

A Versatile Method for Creating Ultrathin Films of Polyzwitterions with Antifouling Properties.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same author

Emergent Nanostructure and Ion Transport in Polyzwitterion/Polyanion Blends.

Macromolecules·2026
Same author

Harnessing data and control with AI/ML-driven polymerization and copolymerization.

Faraday discussions·2025
Same author

Machine learning inversion from scattering for mechanically driven polymers.

Journal of applied crystallography·2025
Same author

Enhanced Interfacial Bonding of Graft Copolymers.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 25, 2026

Preparation and Friction Force Microscopy Measurements of Immiscible, Opposing Polymer Brushes
13:57

Preparation and Friction Force Microscopy Measurements of Immiscible, Opposing Polymer Brushes

Published on: December 24, 2014

14.4K

Attraction between Opposing Planar Dipolar Polymer Brushes.

J P Mahalik1, Bobby G Sumpter1, Rajeev Kumar1

  • 1Computational Sciences and Engineering Division and ‡Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|August 2, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Permanent dipoles can induce attractive forces between polymer brushes, a phenomenon not predicted by standard theories. This finding is crucial for understanding and controlling interactions at polar polymer interfaces.

More Related Videos

Fabricating Reactive Surfaces with Brush-like and Crosslinked Films of Azlactone-Functionalized Block Co-Polymers
10:09

Fabricating Reactive Surfaces with Brush-like and Crosslinked Films of Azlactone-Functionalized Block Co-Polymers

Published on: June 30, 2018

8.7K
Particles without a Box: Brush-first Synthesis of Photodegradable PEG Star Polymers under Ambient Conditions
06:56

Particles without a Box: Brush-first Synthesis of Photodegradable PEG Star Polymers under Ambient Conditions

Published on: October 10, 2013

40.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 25, 2026

Preparation and Friction Force Microscopy Measurements of Immiscible, Opposing Polymer Brushes
13:57

Preparation and Friction Force Microscopy Measurements of Immiscible, Opposing Polymer Brushes

Published on: December 24, 2014

14.4K
Fabricating Reactive Surfaces with Brush-like and Crosslinked Films of Azlactone-Functionalized Block Co-Polymers
10:09

Fabricating Reactive Surfaces with Brush-like and Crosslinked Films of Azlactone-Functionalized Block Co-Polymers

Published on: June 30, 2018

8.7K
Particles without a Box: Brush-first Synthesis of Photodegradable PEG Star Polymers under Ambient Conditions
06:56

Particles without a Box: Brush-first Synthesis of Photodegradable PEG Star Polymers under Ambient Conditions

Published on: October 10, 2013

40.3K

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Physics
  • Soft Matter Science
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Polymer brushes are widely used in surface modification and nanotechnology.
  • Standard theories predict repulsive forces between polymer brushes due to excluded volume and osmotic effects.
  • The role of permanent dipoles in brush interactions is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of permanent dipoles on the interactions between two identical planar polymer brushes.
  • To explore how dipolar interactions affect interpenetration and free energy changes with varying separation distances.
  • To determine if dipolar interactions can lead to attractive forces between polymer brushes.

Main Methods:

  • A field theory approach was employed to model the system.
  • The weak coupling limit of dipolar interactions was considered.
  • Both solvent-free (melts) and solvated polymer brushes were studied.

Main Results:

  • Permanent dipoles can induce attractive interactions between polymer brushes at intermediate separation distances.
  • This attraction is dependent on the dipole moment of the polymer segments.
  • Classical theories (SSL and SCFT) do not predict these attractive forces.

Conclusions:

  • Dipolar interactions are essential for accurately predicting forces between polar polymeric interfaces.
  • The inclusion of permanent dipoles offers a new mechanism for controlling interactions in polymer brush systems.
  • This work highlights the limitations of existing models and the importance of considering electrostatic effects.