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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

16.8K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
16.8K
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

19.8K
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
19.8K
Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

17.4K
Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
17.4K
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

20.5K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
20.5K
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

48.1K
Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
48.1K
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

14.5K
Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
14.5K

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Related Experiment Videos

Structural and dynamic characteristics in monolayer square ice.

YinBo Zhu1, FengChao Wang1, HengAn Wu1

  • 1CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|August 3, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Monolayer square ice confined in graphene nanocapillaries exhibits a dynamic structure of alternating square-rhombic units. Spontaneous water molecule flipping drives structural evolution and confirms the inherent square characteristic of this unique ice phase.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science
  • Physical chemistry

Background:

  • Water confined in graphene nanocapillaries forms a monolayer solid under van der Waals pressure.
  • The precise structure and dynamics of this square ice phase remain debated due to experimental and simulation limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural and dynamic characteristics of monolayer square ice within graphene nanocapillaries.
  • To clarify the debated square ice phase using molecular dynamics simulations.

Main Methods:

  • Classical molecular dynamics simulations were employed.
  • Analysis focused on structural arrangements and dynamic behaviors of water molecules.

Main Results:

  • Monolayer square ice presents as a long-range ordered structure composed of alternating square-rhombic units with stacking faults.
  • Spontaneous flipping of water molecules at ambient temperatures induces dynamic structural transformations and the formation of polarized water chains.
  • Statistical averaging of thermal positions confirms the intrinsic square nature of the ice phase.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals the dynamic and ordered nature of monolayer square ice in graphene nanocapillaries.
  • Spontaneous molecular flipping is identified as a key mechanism driving structural evolution and the presence of stacking faults.
  • The findings provide significant insights into the topological structure and dynamics of confined monolayer ice.