Can the possibility of transverse iliosacral screw fixation for first sacral segment be predicted preoperatively?...

The purpose of this study was to predict the possibility of transverse iliosacral (TIS) screw fixation into the first sacral segment (S₁) and introduce practical anatomical variables using conventional computed tomography (CT) scans.

A total of 82 cadaveric sacra (42 males and 40 females) were used for continuous 1.0-mm slice CT scans, which were imported into Mimics^® software to produce a three-dimensional pelvis model. The anterior height (BH) and superior width (BW) of the elevated sacral segment was measured, followed by verification of the safe zone (SZ_S1 and SZ_S2) in a true lateral view. Their vertical (VD_S1 and VD_S2) and horizontal (HD_S1 and HD_S2) distances were measured. VD_S1 less than 7mm was classified as impossible sacrum, since the transverse fixation of 7.0 mm-sized IS screw could not be done safely.

Fourteen models (16.7%; six females, eight males) were assigned as the impossible sacrum. There was no statistical significance regarding gender (p=0.626) and height (p=0.419). The average values were as follows: BW, 31.4mm (SD 2.9); BH, 16.7mm (SD 6.8); VD_S1, 13.4mm (SD 6.1); HD_S1, 22.5mm (SD 4.5); SZ_S1, 239.5mm² (SD 137.1); VD_S2, 15.5mm (SD 3.0); HD_S2, 18.3mm (SD 2.9); and SZ_S2, 221.1mm² (SD 68.5). Logistic regression analysis identified BH (p=0.001) and HD_S1 (p=0.02) as the only statistically significant variables to predict the possibility. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis established a cut-off value for BH and HD_S1 of impossible sacrum of 20.6mm and 18.6mm, respectively.

BH and HD_S1 could be used to predict the possibility of TIS screw fixation. If the BH exceeds 20.6mm or HD_S1 is less than 18.6mm, TIS screw fixation for S₁ should not be undertaken because of narrowed SZ.