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Apical Periodontitis, a Predictor Variable for Preeclampsia: A Case-control Study.

Navid Khalighinejad1, Anita Aminoshariae1, James C Kulild1

  • 1Department of Endodontics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.

Journal of Endodontics
|August 3, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Maternal apical periodontitis (AP) is linked to a higher risk of preeclampsia (PE). Early dental treatment, including addressing AP, may help reduce PE incidence.

Keywords:
Apical periodontitisassociationendodonticspreeclampsiaroot canal treatmentsystematic diseases

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Periodontology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy complication characterized by hypertension and proteinuria.
  • Systemic inflammation is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including PE.
  • The link between maternal apical periodontitis (AP) and PE has not been previously investigated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential association between maternal apical periodontitis (AP) and the occurrence of preeclampsia (PE).

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 50 mothers with PE and 50 healthy pregnant controls.
  • Dental status, including AP, was assessed using pre-pregnancy digital panoramic radiographs and the periapical index.
  • Binary logistic regression analysis was employed to determine the association between AP and PE.

Main Results:

  • Apical periodontitis (AP) was diagnosed in 54% of mothers with PE compared to 32% in the control group (OR=2.4).
  • Maternal AP was found to be a significant independent predictor of PE after adjusting for confounding factors (OR=2.23).

Conclusions:

  • Apical periodontitis (AP) is significantly more prevalent in women who develop preeclampsia (PE).
  • This study provides novel evidence suggesting maternal AP as an independent predictor of PE.
  • Pre-pregnancy dental screening and treatment of AP could potentially mitigate PE risk, especially in high-incidence regions.