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Spectrophotometry: Introduction01:16

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Spectrophotometry is the quantitative measurement of the absorption, reflection, diffraction, or transmission of electromagnetic radiation through a material as a function of the intensity and wavelength of the radiation. A spectrophotometer is a device used to measure the change in the radiation intensity caused by its interaction with the material.
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A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
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IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration01:16

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A covalently bonded heteronuclear diatomic molecule can be modeled as two vibrating masses connected by a spring. The vibrational frequency of the bond can be expressed using an equation derived from Hooke's law, which describes how the force applied to stretch or compress a spring is proportional to the displacement of the spring. In this case, the atoms behave like masses, and the bond acts like a spring.
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IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

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When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
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UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions01:16

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Multiplex Chemical Imaging Based on Broadband Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy
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Toward broadband mechanical spectroscopy.

Tina Hecksher1, Darius H Torchinsky2, Christoph Klieber3

  • 1"Glass and Time," Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|August 3, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diverse materials show similar viscous behavior near the glass transition, indicating a shared theoretical foundation. Broadband mechanical measurements reveal relaxation kinetics across 13 decades, confirming time-temperature superposition and mode-coupling theory predictions.

Keywords:
broadband mechanical spectroscopymode-coupling theoryviscous liquids

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Diverse material classes exhibit similar viscous behavior when cooled towards the glass transition.
  • This suggests a potential common theoretical basis for understanding the glass transition phenomenon.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanical relaxation kinetics of a prototype molecular glass former.
  • To explore the behavior over an extensive temporal and temperature range, spanning liquid to glassy states.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized seven different measurement techniques to achieve broadband mechanical characterization.
  • Covered a temporal range of 13 decades and a temperature range from liquid to glassy states.

Main Results:

  • Observed that the data conform to time-temperature superposition for the primary (alpha) relaxation process.
  • Found that the relaxation kinetics follow a scaling relation predicted by schematic mode-coupling theory.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a comprehensive understanding of mechanical relaxation in glass formers.
  • Demonstrated broadband mechanical measurements have broad applications in polymer science, geophysics, and materials science.