Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Symmetry01:26

Symmetry

265
The equation of an ellipse centered at the origin defines all points whose distances from the center maintain a constant ratio between the horizontal and vertical axes. This equation results in a smooth, closed curve that extends further along the x-axis than the y-axis, giving it a horizontal orientation. Such an ellipse demonstrates three kinds of symmetry: across the x-axis, across the y-axis, and about the origin. These symmetries are essential in understanding the graph's structure and...
265
Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility01:34

Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility

4.1K
Electrocyclic reactions, cycloadditions, and sigmatropic rearrangements are concerted pericyclic reactions that proceed via a cyclic transition state. These reactions are stereospecific and regioselective. The stereochemistry of the products depends on the symmetry characteristics of the interacting orbitals and the reaction conditions. Accordingly, pericyclic reactions are classified as either symmetry-allowed or symmetry-forbidden. Woodward and Hoffmann presented the selection criteria for...
4.1K
Unsymmetric Bending - Angle of Neutral Axis01:15

Unsymmetric Bending - Angle of Neutral Axis

923
Unsymmetrical bending occurs when a structural member is subjected to bending moments in a plane that does not align with the member's principal axes. This scenario typically arises in beams and other structural components when loads are applied at non-ideal angles, introducing complexities in stress analysis.
When a bending moment is applied at an angle θ concerning the vertical axis of a symmetrical member, it can be resolved into components along the member's principal...
923
Symmetry in Maxwell's Equations01:28

Symmetry in Maxwell's Equations

4.3K
Once the fields have been calculated using Maxwell's four equations, the Lorentz force equation gives the force that the fields exert on a charged particle moving with a certain velocity. The Lorentz force equation combines the force of the electric field and of the magnetic field on the moving charge. Maxwell's equations and the Lorentz force law together encompass all the laws of electricity and magnetism. The symmetry that Maxwell introduced into his mathematical framework may not be...
4.3K
Chirality02:25

Chirality

30.4K
Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
30.4K
Eccentric Axial Loading in a Plane of Symmetry01:16

Eccentric Axial Loading in a Plane of Symmetry

642
Eccentric axial loading occurs when an axial load is applied away from the centroidal axis of a structural member. This scenario is common in engineering, where structural elements may not be directly aligned due to various design or functional requirements.
642

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Replacement of the Piperidine Ring with Aza-Spirocycles Reduces Cardiotoxicity of the Local Anesthetic Drug Bupivacaine.

Journal of medicinal chemistry·2026
Same author

Cold Orthogonal Translation: A Psychrophilic Pyrrolysyl-tRNA Synthetase Boosts Genetic Code Expansion in E. coli.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same author

Smallest Bicycles in Medicinal Chemistry: Where Are We Now?

Chemical reviews·2026
Same author

Propagation of Photoinduced Electric Field Changes Through Phytochrome and their Impact on Conformational Transitions.

Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry·2025
Same author

P(O)Me<sub>2</sub>-Alkenes: From Synthesis to Applications.

Organic letters·2025
Same author

Introduction: "Noncanonical Amino Acids".

Chemical reviews·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 25, 2026

Asymmetric Walkway: A Novel Behavioral Assay for Studying Asymmetric Locomotion
08:19

Asymmetric Walkway: A Novel Behavioral Assay for Studying Asymmetric Locomotion

Published on: January 15, 2016

9.4K

Amide rotation trajectories probed by symmetry.

Vladimir Kubyshkin1, Nediljko Budisa1

  • 1Biocatalysis Group, Institute of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Müller-Breslau-Str. 10, Berlin 10623, Germany. kubyshkin@win.tu-berlin.de nediljko.budisa@tu-berlin.de.

Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry
|August 3, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Amide rotation in proteins is crucial for structure. This study reveals lower energy barriers for syn/exo rotations in proline analogues, favoring clockwise movement and impacting protein folding dynamics.

More Related Videos

Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle
10:41

Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle

Published on: December 14, 2011

18.0K
Observation of the Ciliary Movement of Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cells Ex Vivo
08:00

Observation of the Ciliary Movement of Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cells Ex Vivo

Published on: July 13, 2015

12.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 25, 2026

Asymmetric Walkway: A Novel Behavioral Assay for Studying Asymmetric Locomotion
08:19

Asymmetric Walkway: A Novel Behavioral Assay for Studying Asymmetric Locomotion

Published on: January 15, 2016

9.4K
Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle
10:41

Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle

Published on: December 14, 2011

18.0K
Observation of the Ciliary Movement of Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cells Ex Vivo
08:00

Observation of the Ciliary Movement of Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cells Ex Vivo

Published on: July 13, 2015

12.7K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Structural Biology
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Peptidyl-prolyl amide bond rotation influences protein backbone organization.
  • Computational studies suggest a preferred syn/exo transition state for this rotation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally determine amide bond rotation barriers for proline analogues.
  • To compare rotation barriers between meso and racemic pyrrolidine-2,5-dicarboxylic acids.
  • To validate and complement computational findings on protein backbone dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of meso and racemic pyrrolidine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid derivatives.
  • Measurement of amide bond rotation barriers using experimental techniques.
  • Analysis of transition state structures and their impact on rotation.

Main Results:

  • Rotation barriers were determined for hybrid transition states (syn/exo-syn/exo and anti/endo-syn/exo).
  • The meso diastereomer exhibited lower rotation barriers by ~9 kJ mol⁻¹ in aqueous media.
  • A preference for syn/exo (clockwise) rotation over anti/endo (anticlockwise) rotation was observed.

Conclusions:

  • Experimental results support computational predictions of preferred amide rotation pathways.
  • Differences in rotation barriers are attributed to distinct transition state dipole-dipole interactions.
  • Protein structure and dynamics are significantly influenced by these rotation preferences, particularly in response to solvent polarity.