Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 28, 2026

Guided Protocol for Fecal Microbial Characterization by 16S rRNA-Amplicon Sequencing
Published on: March 19, 2018
Exploring the microbiome of healthy and diseased peri-implant sites using Illumina sequencing
Ignacio Sanz-Martin1, Janet Doolittle-Hall2, Ricardo P Teles3
1Section of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Aim:
To compare the microbiome of healthy (H) and diseased (P) peri-implant sites and determine the core peri-implant microbiome.
Materials And Methods:
Submucosal biofilms from 32 H and 35 P sites were analysed using 16S rRNA sequencing (MiSeq, Illumina), QIIME and HOMINGS. Differences between groups were determined using principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), t tests and Wilcoxon rank sum test and FDR-adjusted. The peri-implant core microbiome was determined.
Results:
PCoA showed partitioning between H and P at all taxonomic levels. Bacteroidetes, Spirochetes and Synergistetes were higher in P, while Actinobacteria prevailed in H (p < .05). Porphyromonas and Treponema were more abundant in P while Rothia and Neisseria were higher in H (p < .05). The core peri-implant microbiome contained Fusobacterium, Parvimonas and Campylobacter sp. T. denticola, and P. gingivalis levels were higher in P, as well as F. alocis, F. fastidiosum and T. maltophilum (p < .05).
Conclusion:
The peri-implantitis microbiome is commensal-depleted and pathogen-enriched, harbouring traditional and new pathogens. The core peri-implant microbiome harbours taxa from genera often associated with periodontal inflammation.
Related Concept Videos
Introduction to the Human Microbiota
Development of Human Microbiota
The Oral Microbiota
Development of the Oral Microbiota

