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Related Concept Videos

Electrocardiogram01:29

Electrocardiogram

6.9K
An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and...
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Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias01:30

Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias

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Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that range from benign to life-threatening. A thorough evaluation is crucial for appropriate management and involves a comprehensive medical history, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests.Medical HistorySymptoms: Collect detailed information on palpitations, dizziness, syncope, chest pain, and fatigue. Note their onset, frequency, and triggers.Previous Cardiac Issues: Document any history of heart...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

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Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
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Electrocardiogram Fundamentals01:28

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

1.6K
Introduction
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
An ECG utilizes electrodes on the skin...
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Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

659
Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
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Cardiac Catheterization III: Left Heart Catheterization01:24

Cardiac Catheterization III: Left Heart Catheterization

877
Left heart catheterization is an invasive diagnostic procedure used to evaluate the function and structure of the left side of the heart. It is generally performed to diagnose and treat cardiovascular conditions such as valve abnormalities, coronary artery disease, and congenital heart defects.Diagnostic and therapeutic purposesLeft heart catheterization serves various diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Assessing coronary artery bypass grafts.Evaluating coronary artery disease in...
877

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Comparative Assessment of Revascularization Versus Drug Management in Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) Associated with Left Ventricular Dysfunction (EF < 40%) - A 12 Month Study with FDG PET and SPECT MPI Analyses.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 25, 2026

Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography
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Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography

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ROLE OF LEFT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION EVALUATION IN NON SPECIFIC ECG ABNORMALITY.

M Akhtar1, C P Roy2, S K Dham3

  • 1Senior Adviser in Medicine, 7 AF Hospital, Kanpur.

Medical Journal, Armed Forces India
|August 4, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study evaluated 373 individuals with ECG abnormalities. Most with abnormal exercise stress tests had no significant heart disease, clearing them for strenuous duties.

Keywords:
LV systolic functionNon-specific ECG abnormality

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities in service personnel can impact fitness for duty.
  • Maximal Treadmill Testing (TMT) is a common screening tool for cardiac conditions.
  • Distinguishing true cardiac disease from benign ECG findings is crucial for operational readiness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the diagnostic yield of maximal exercise stress testing in service personnel with ECG abnormalities.
  • To identify the prevalence of coronary artery disease and other cardiac conditions in this cohort.
  • To determine the cardiac health and fitness for strenuous duties of individuals with unexplained ECG abnormalities.

Main Methods:

  • Maximal Treadmill Testing (TMT) was performed on 373 subjects with ECG abnormalities.
  • Positive TMT results were further investigated with radionuclide ventriculography and coronary arteriography.
  • Echocardiography (2D and M-Mode) was used to assess cardiac structure and left ventricular (LV) function in remaining subjects.

Main Results:

  • Of 373 subjects, 86 (23%) had positive TMT results.
  • Coronary artery disease was confirmed in 31 (8.3%) of the total cohort.
  • The majority of subjects (48/55) without coronary artery disease showed normal cardiac structure and LV function on echocardiography, comparable to controls.

Conclusions:

  • A significant proportion of service personnel with ECG abnormalities do not have underlying coronary artery disease or impaired cardiac function.
  • Maximal exercise stress testing, followed by targeted investigations, effectively identifies individuals with significant cardiac pathology.
  • Normal cardiac evaluation in subjects with initial ECG abnormalities supports clearance for demanding military duties, including aviation and high-altitude deployment.