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Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

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Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
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Esophageal perforations manifest in various clinical forms, influenced by factors such as the perforation's cause and location (cervical, intrathoracic, or intra-abdominal), the extent of contamination, and potential injury to adjacent mediastinal structures. The timing between the perforation occurrence and treatment initiation also affects the clinical presentation.
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Esophageal perforation is a severe medical condition characterized by a breach in the integrity of the esophageal wall. This breach can occur due to various factors such as trauma, medical procedures, or underlying diseases. When the esophageal wall is compromised, it allows food, fluids, and digestive juices into the chest cavity or adjacent structures, leading to potential complications and health risks.
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Intrathoracic Gastric Volvulus presenting with GIT Bleed.

Rahul Kadam1, Vsv Prasad1

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Summary

Intrathoracic gastric volvulus, a rare neonatal emergency, can cause respiratory distress and GI bleeding. This case highlights congenital diaphragmatic eventration as a cause in a neonate.

Keywords:
Congenital diaphragmatic eventrationIntrathoracic gastric volvulusNeonate

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal surgery
  • Pediatric gastroenterology
  • Thoracic surgery

Background:

  • Intrathoracic gastric volvulus is a rare but life-threatening surgical emergency in neonates.
  • It can present with severe symptoms like respiratory distress and gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of a neonate diagnosed with congenital diaphragmatic eventration and intrathoracic gastric volvulus.
  • To emphasize the importance of considering this diagnosis in neonates with relevant symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a neonate presenting with respiratory distress and GI bleeding.
  • Diagnostic workup including imaging to identify congenital diaphragmatic eventration and intrathoracic gastric volvulus.

Main Results:

  • The neonate was diagnosed with congenital diaphragmatic eventration leading to intrathoracic gastric volvulus.
  • The condition presented with significant respiratory and GI symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • Congenital diaphragmatic eventration can predispose neonates to intrathoracic gastric volvulus.
  • Prompt diagnosis and surgical intervention are crucial for managing this life-threatening condition.