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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

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Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
509
Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

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A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
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Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:29

Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

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Diagnosing and managing appendicitis requires a structured and comprehensive approach that spans from initial assessment to postoperative care. Here is an overview of the process:
Diagnosing Appendicitis
It requires a multifaceted approach, starting with a detailed physical examination to pinpoint the location and nature of the pain and identify any associated symptoms. Laboratory tests play a crucial role. A complete Blood Count (CBC) typically reveals leukocytosis (an increased number of...
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Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:21

Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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Thoracic, aortic arch and abdominal aneurysms are significant vascular conditions that can present with various clinical manifestations and lead to serious complications. Understanding these manifestations and the appropriate diagnostic studies is essential for effective management and treatment.Thoracic Aortic AneurysmsThoracic aortic aneurysms often remain asymptomatic until they reach a size that impinges on adjacent structures. They typically cause deep, diffuse chest pain that radiates to...
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Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

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Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
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A Retrospective Study on Endoscopic Surgery for the Treatment of Paravertebral Abscess in Spinal Tuberculosis Patients
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Brain abscesses in children: an Italian multicentre study.

I Raffaldi1, S Garazzino1, G Castelli Gattinara2

  • 1University of Turin, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital,Turin,Italy.

Epidemiology and Infection
|August 4, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric brain abscesses, though rare, can cause lasting harm. This study highlights the need for clear guidelines on antibiotic treatment duration and type for children with brain abscesses to improve outcomes.

Keywords:
Anaerobic bacteriaantibioticsbacterial infectionscentral nervous system infectionsemerging infections

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Brain abscess is an uncommon but serious condition in children, associated with significant long-term morbidity and mortality.
  • Prompt diagnosis and effective treatment are crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To retrospectively analyze clinical data of pediatric patients diagnosed with brain abscess.
  • To identify common predisposing factors, causative pathogens, treatment modalities, and sequelae.
  • To emphasize the need for standardized national guidelines for antibiotic management in pediatric brain abscess.

Main Methods:

  • Multicenter retrospective study involving patients aged 0-18 years diagnosed with brain abscess.
  • Data collected included patient demographics, preceding infections, isolated pathogens, surgical interventions, antibiotic therapy, and clinical sequelae.
  • Statistical analysis of collected data.

Main Results:

  • Seventy-nine children were included, with a median age of 8.75 years.
  • Preceding infections were noted in 44 children, and Gram-positive cocci were the most common isolates (27 cases).
  • Sixty (76%) children underwent surgery, and all received intravenous followed by oral antibiotic therapy. Epilepsy was the most frequent sequela (9 cases).

Conclusions:

  • Clinical sequelae, including epilepsy, were recorded in 39.2% of patients.
  • The study underscores the necessity for standardized national guidelines or recommendations regarding the type and duration of antibiotic treatment for pediatric brain abscess.