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Brain waves are electrical signals generated by the neurons in the brain, which are regularly monitored to measure mental activities. Brain waves and their frequency ranges can be measured using an electroencephalogram or EEG. There are four main types of brain waves, each with distinct characteristics:
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Exploring resting-state EEG brain oscillatory activity in relation to cognitive functioning in multiple sclerosis.

Philipp M Keune1, Sascha Hansen1, Emily Weber2

  • 1Klinikum Bayreuth GmbH, Department of Neurology, Bayreuth, Germany; Department of Physiological Psychology, University of Bamberg, Germany.

Clinical Neurophysiology : Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology
|August 4, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Electroencephalography (EEG) alpha power and theta/beta ratio show potential for monitoring cognitive function in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). These EEG markers correlate with information processing speed and attention deficits in MS patients.

Keywords:
AttentionMultiple sclerosis (MS)Resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG)Symbol digit modalities test (SDMT)Test of attention performance (TAP)Theta/beta ratio

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Clinical Electrophysiology

Background:

  • Cognitive impairment is a significant challenge in Multiple Sclerosis (MS).
  • Neurophysiologic monitoring for cognitive changes in MS using electroencephalography (EEG) requires further exploration.
  • Existing research suggests a link between magnetoencephalography (MEG) alpha-1 activity and information processing speed in MS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between resting-state EEG markers and cognitive performance in MS patients.
  • To explore the utility of EEG alpha-1, alpha-2 activity, and the theta/beta ratio as potential monitoring parameters for cognition in MS.

Main Methods:

  • Resting-state EEG data were collected from 25 MS patients.
  • Cognitive function was assessed using the Symbol-Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) for processing speed and the Test of Attention Performance (TAP) for attention.
  • EEG parameters analyzed included alpha-1 activity, alpha-2 activity, and the frontal theta/beta ratio.

Main Results:

  • Increased global alpha-1 and alpha-2 activity correlated with slower information processing speed (lower SDMT scores).
  • An elevated frontal theta/beta ratio (increased slow-wave to fast-wave activity) was associated with slower processing speed.
  • Clinically impaired attention was significantly linked to an increased frontal theta/beta ratio, while alpha power did not show this sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • Resting-state EEG global alpha power and frontal theta/beta ratio are associated with attention in MS.
  • The frontal theta/beta ratio demonstrates potential clinical sensitivity for monitoring attention deficits in MS.
  • These EEG measures are feasible for clinical use and warrant further investigation in intervention studies.