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Fatigue01:21

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Fatigue occurs when materials rupture under repeated or fluctuating loads, even at stress levels far below their static breaking strength. It typically results in brittle failure, even for ductile materials. It is a critical consideration in designing machines and structural components subjected to repetitive or varying loads. The nature of these loadings can range from fluctuating loads like unbalanced pump impellers causing vibrations to repeatedly bending a thin steel rod wire back and forth...
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The stress-strain relationship in ductile materials such as structural steel or aluminium is intricate and progresses through several stages. When a specimen is loaded, it initially exhibits a linear length increase, depicted by a steep straight line on the stress-strain diagram. It indicates the material is elastically deforming and will return to its original shape once unloaded. However, when a critical stress value is reached, plastic deformation begins. This stage sees substantial...
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On the Process-Related Rivet Microstructural Evolution, Material Flow and Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V/GFRP

Natascha Z Borba1,2, Conrado R M Afonso3, Lucian Blaga4

  • 1Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 310, Brazil. natascha.zocoller@hzg.de.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 5, 2017
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Summary

Thermo-mechanical changes in Ti-6Al-4V rivets during friction riveting significantly alter microstructure and hardness. Understanding these changes is key to optimizing joint performance in hybrid material applications.

Keywords:
friction rivetingmicrostructural formationmicrotexturetitanium alloy

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Manufacturing Processes

Background:

  • Friction riveting offers a promising joining method for dissimilar materials like titanium alloys and polymers.
  • Understanding the thermo-mechanical effects on rivet microstructure is crucial for predicting joint integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate thermo-mechanical changes in Ti-6Al-4V rivets during friction riveting with glass-fiber-reinforced polyester.
  • Correlate microstructural alterations and mechanical properties with the rivet's plastic deformation regime.
  • Characterize the resulting microstructure and microhardness variations in the rivet.

Main Methods:

  • Friction riveting of Ti-6Al-4V rivets and glass-fiber-reinforced polyester plates.
  • Lap shear testing of joints with AA2198 gussets.
  • Microstructural analysis using advanced techniques (e.g., optical microscopy, SEM).
  • Microhardness testing and temperature measurements during the process.

Main Results:

  • Complex rivet microstructures formed, including equiaxial α-grains, α' martensite, and Widmanstätten structures.
  • Microhardness increased by up to 24% in the rivet due to structural transformations.
  • Material flow analysis indicated simple shear deformation driven by shear stress and forging.
  • Process temperatures ranged from 460 ± 130 °C to 758 ± 56 °C with rapid cooling rates.

Conclusions:

  • Friction riveting induces significant thermo-mechanical changes in Ti-6Al-4V rivets, leading to microstructural complexity and increased hardness.
  • The observed microstructural evolution and material flow are directly linked to the plastic deformation regime.
  • These findings provide insights into optimizing friction riveting processes for hybrid material joints.