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In Situ Imaging during Compression of Plastic Bonded Explosives for Damage Modeling.

Virginia W Manner1, John D Yeager2, Brian M Patterson3

  • 1Explosive Science and Shock Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA. vwmanner@lanl.gov.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 5, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Characterizing plastic bonded explosives (PBXs) is challenging. New low-density binders improve X-ray contrast for microstructural analysis during deformation, revealing binder stiffness impacts fracture and delamination.

Keywords:
X-ray computed tomographyexplosivesmesoscale modellingpolymer-matrix composites

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Plastic bonded explosives (PBXs) microstructure impacts mechanical deformation behavior.
  • Traditional X-ray imaging lacks sufficient contrast for detailed 3D characterization of explosive crystals and binders.
  • PBX 9501 formulations present challenges due to similar X-ray densities of components.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize novel PBX formulations with improved microstructural imaging capabilities.
  • To investigate the influence of binder properties on the mechanical deformation and failure mechanisms of PBXs.
  • To enable detailed 3D analysis of PBX microstructure using X-ray computed tomography (CT).

Main Methods:

  • Formulation of PBXs using octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) crystals and low-density binders (HTPB or GAP).
  • In situ micro-scale X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging during uniaxial compression.
  • Interrupted in situ modality for capturing deformation stages.
  • Finite element simulation using 2D slices from segmented 3D CT images.

Main Results:

  • Low-density binders provided excellent X-ray contrast between HMX crystals and binder.
  • Binder stiffness significantly influenced fracture, crystal-binder delamination, and material flow.
  • Low binder stiffness resulted in no delamination and crystals moving with binder flow.
  • High binder stiffness led to significant delamination between crystals and binder, altering mechanical properties.
  • Finite element models qualitatively replicated observed delamination behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Low-density binders are effective for high-contrast in situ X-ray CT imaging of PBX microstructures.
  • Binder mechanical properties play a critical role in the deformation and failure modes of PBXs.
  • The study provides a pathway for detailed mesoscale analysis and simulation of PBX behavior under mechanical load.