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Zinc Sorption Studies on Pectin-Based Biosorbents.

Agata Jakóbik-Kolon1, Krzysztof Mitko2, Joanna Bok-Badura3

  • 1Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 6, Gliwice 44-100, Poland. agata.jakobik@polsl.pl.

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Pectin-based hybrid beads show promise for zinc ion removal. Agar-agar addition decreased sorption capacity but enabled efficient zinc stripping with dilute acids, offering a viable alternative for wastewater treatment.

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agar-agarbiosorptionguar gumpectinzinc sorption

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Developing efficient and cost-effective methods for removing heavy metal ions, such as zinc, from wastewater is crucial for environmental protection.
  • Pectin-based materials offer potential as biosorbents due to their abundance, biodegradability, and functional groups capable of binding metal ions.
  • Hybridizing pectin with other biopolymers like agar-agar and guar gum can modify their physicochemical properties and sorption performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the zinc ion sorption and desorption properties of hybrid pectin-based beads containing agar-agar and guar gum, compared to sole pectin beads.
  • To investigate the sorption kinetics and equilibrium models governing zinc ion binding onto these biosorbents.
  • To assess the effectiveness of various inorganic acids in desorbing zinc ions from the loaded biosorbents.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of pectin-based beads (sole pectin, pectin-guar gum, pectin-agar-agar).
  • Batch sorption experiments to determine zinc ion uptake capacity and equilibrium.
  • Kinetic studies using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models.
  • Equilibrium studies using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms.
  • Desorption experiments using nitric, hydrochloric, and sulfuric acids at various concentrations.

Main Results:

  • Guar gum addition did not significantly alter the sorption capacity compared to sole pectin beads (37.0 ± 2.6 mg/g vs. 34.7 ± 2.0 mg/g).
  • Agar-agar addition decreased sorption capacity (22.3 ± 1.0 mg/g) but facilitated complete zinc(II) ion stripping even with 0.01 M acids.
  • Complete zinc desorption from sole pectin and pectin-guar gum beads required higher acid concentrations (0.1 M).
  • Sorption rates were similar across all biosorbents, with maximum sorption achieved within 4-5 hours.

Conclusions:

  • Pectin-based biosorbents, particularly those incorporating agar-agar, demonstrate effective zinc ion removal capabilities.
  • The pectin-agar-agar hybrid exhibits a favorable balance between sorption capacity and ease of desorption, making it a promising material for zinc remediation.
  • The shape formation ability of these pectin-based biosorbents presents an advantage for practical applications in wastewater treatment.