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Metallic Biomaterials: Current Challenges and Opportunities.

Karthika Prasad1,2,3, Olha Bazaka4, Ming Chua5

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Metallic biomaterials are crucial for implants like joint replacements. This review explores surface and bulk modifications to enhance integration, strength, and flexibility, including 3D printing compatibility.

Keywords:
advanced materialsbiomaterialimplantinflammationsurface modification

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Orthopaedic Engineering
  • Dental Materials

Background:

  • Metallic biomaterials are engineered for internal tissue support in applications such as joint replacements, dental implants, orthopaedic fixations, and stents.
  • Increased use of metallic biomaterials correlates with a higher incidence of implant-related complications, including poor biointegration, inflammation, mechanical instability, necrosis, and infections.
  • These complications lead to prolonged patient care, pain, and loss of function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review major metallic biomaterials used in medical implants.
  • To explore existing and emerging strategies for surface and bulk modification of metallic biomaterials.
  • To discuss the compatibility of these modifications with 3D printing technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of metallic biomaterials.
  • Analysis of surface and bulk modification techniques.
  • Evaluation of 3D printing applications in metallic biomaterial development.

Main Results:

  • Overview of common metallic biomaterials and their properties.
  • Identification of key strategies for enhancing biointegration, mechanical strength, and flexibility.
  • Assessment of the potential and challenges of integrating 3D printing with metallic biomaterial modification.

Conclusions:

  • Surface and bulk modifications are essential for improving metallic biomaterial performance and reducing implant complications.
  • 3D printing offers promising avenues for creating customized and advanced metallic implants.
  • Further research is needed to fully realize the potential of modified metallic biomaterials and 3D printing in clinical applications.