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Updated: Feb 25, 2026

Sub-nanometer Resolution Imaging with Amplitude-modulation Atomic Force Microscopy in Liquid
Published on: December 20, 2016
Sergio Santos1, Albert Verdaguer2
1Laboratory for Energy and NanoScience (LENS), Institute Center for Future Energy (iFES), Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 54224, UAE. ssantos78h@gmail.com.
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) can image nanoscale water films on surfaces. This review explores AFM methods to overcome probe-induced liquid perturbations for detailed surface water analysis.
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