Nano-Inclusions Applied in Cement-Matrix Composites: A Review

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Nanotechnology
• Civil Engineering

Background:

• Nanomaterials offer unique properties for advanced cement-based materials.
• Recent research focuses on leveraging these properties for enhanced performance and novel functions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To quantitatively assess the mechanical improvements in cementitious materials due to nanomaterials.
• To explore the development of "smart" cement-based elements with electrical and chemical functionalities.
• To review advancements in nanomaterial integration over the past decade.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of research on nanomaterials in cement over the last decade.
• Quantitative analysis of reported mechanical reinforcements.
• Discussion of nanoscience principles, characterization techniques, and dispersion methods.

Main Results:

• Nanomaterials significantly improve mechanical performance and impart "smart" properties (e.g., electrical/thermal sensing, crack repair).
• Nanomaterials can reduce cement consumption due to their reinforcing effects.
• Successful integration requires sophisticated nanostructure identification and dispersion techniques.

Conclusions:

• Nanomaterial integration in cement shows significant promise for creating advanced, functional building materials.
• Overcoming technical, social, and standardization challenges is crucial for commercialization.
• High synthesis and dispersion costs, particularly for carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide, are major obstacles.