Personalized vaccinology: A review

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Systems Biology
• Vaccinology

Background:

• Traditional vaccine development relies on an empirical 'isolate-inactivate-inject' paradigm.
• Current vaccine strategies often use a 'one-size-fits-all' approach, neglecting age-related immune changes (immunosenescence).
• Lack of understanding immune responses to vaccines hinders development for the elderly and immuno-immature populations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the fields of vaccinomics, adversomics, and personalized vaccinology.
• To highlight the shift from reductionist to systems biology approaches in vaccine research.
• To emphasize the potential for personalized vaccine strategies.

Main Methods:

• Utilizing systems biology to profile innate, humoral, and cellular immune responses.
• Applying advanced techniques like systems serology and CyTOF for high-dimensional immunophenotyping.
• Analyzing vaccine-induced metabolic changes.

Main Results:

• Systems-level approaches reveal novel immune system interactions critical for adaptive responses.
• Identification of biomarkers for vaccine immunogenicity and adverse events.
• Enabling a better understanding of individual risks for infections and vaccine responses.

Conclusions:

• Vaccinomics and adversomics enable a global, integrated view of immune responses.
• These fields facilitate a personalized approach to vaccinology, akin to personalized medicine.
• The future of vaccinology involves tailoring vaccines based on individual immune profiles and risks.