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Related Concept Videos

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

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Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
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Depolarizing Blockers: Pharmocokinetics01:19

Depolarizing Blockers: Pharmocokinetics

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Depolarizing blockers are administered through intravenous injection. Succinylcholine is the most common choice of depolarizing blockers in emergency clinical practices. Although they have a rapid onset, they readily diffuse away from the motor end plate into the extracellular fluid. They are metabolized by enzymes such as liver butyrylcholinesterase and plasma pseudocholinesterases. This produces a short duration of action, typically 5-10 minutes long, unlike nondepolarizing blockers, which...
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Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:31

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

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Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx...
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Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects01:21

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects

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Skeletal muscle relaxants are widely used for muscle paralysis and relieving pain following any muscle injury or stiffness. However, depending on the drug type, they can have adverse effects that range from mild to severe. Usually, nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers have minimal side effects. For example, drugs like d-tubocurarine, cisatracurium, and rocuronium cause hypotension, whereas drugs like baclofen, when stopped abruptly, can lead to the recurrence of spastic conditions.
Unlike...
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Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

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Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
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Depolarizing Blockers: Mechanism of Action01:28

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Depolarizing blockers act on skeletal muscle fibers' membranes and induce their depolarization. Most depolarizing blockers have two quaternary N+ atoms that bind the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and cause neuromuscular blockade within minutes.
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Dexmedetomidine: Current Role in Burn ICU.

G Scibelli1, L Maio1, M Sasso2

  • 1Anaesthesia and Intensive Care ASL Caserta.

Translational Medicine @ Unisa
|August 5, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Dexmedetomidine (DEX) offers safe sedation, anxiolysis, and analgesia with minimal respiratory depression. This alpha-2 adrenergic agonist is valuable in ICUs, particularly for burn patients, and shows anti-inflammatory effects beneficial in sepsis.

Keywords:
ICUburnsdexmedetomidinesepsis

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Intensive Care Medicine
  • Anesthesiology

Background:

  • Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist known for sedation, anxiolysis, and analgesia.
  • DEX offers reduced respiratory depression compared to other sedatives, facilitating 'arousable sedation' in ICUs.
  • Its properties are recognized in current guidelines for managing adult and pediatric burn ICU patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted applications and benefits of Dexmedetomidine in critical care settings.
  • To highlight DEX's role in achieving arousable sedation and its suitability for burn ICUs.
  • To explore DEX's anti-inflammatory effects and potential in managing sepsis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on Dexmedetomidine's clinical use and effects.
  • Analysis of clinical trial data and animal models investigating DEX's anti-inflammatory properties.
  • Examination of current guidelines and expert recommendations regarding DEX in ICUs.

Main Results:

  • Dexmedetomidine provides effective sedation, anxiolysis, and analgesia with manageable respiratory impact.
  • DEX is particularly suitable for burn ICUs, supporting guidelines for its use in these patients.
  • Evidence suggests DEX possesses anti-inflammatory effects, reducing inflammatory mediators and vasopressor needs in sepsis models.

Conclusions:

  • Dexmedetomidine is a versatile agent for critical care, enabling arousable sedation with favorable safety profile.
  • Its efficacy in burn ICUs is well-established, supporting its central role in patient management.
  • DEX's anti-inflammatory actions present a promising therapeutic avenue for improving outcomes in ICU patients with sepsis.