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Intertrial RT variability affects level of target-related interference in cued task switching.

Alexander Provost1,2, Sharna Jamadar3,4,5, Andrew Heathcote1,6

  • 1School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.

Psychophysiology
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Task switching performance depends on preparation, but residual interference persists. Even with optimal preparation, target properties cause interference, impacting slower responses more significantly. This highlights limitations in cognitive control.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Task switching involves proactive and reactive control.
  • Residual switch costs suggest ongoing interference even with preparation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate how trial-by-trial preparation variability affects post-target interference.
  • Examine target congruence effects on behavior and event-related potentials (ERPs) across the response time (RT) distribution.

Main Methods:

  • Used orthogonal polynomial trend analysis (OPTA) on behavioral and ERP data.
  • Analyzed early N2, late N2, and P3b amplitudes across the RT distribution.

Main Results:

  • Congruence effects impacted late N2 and P3b, increasing with RT.
  • P3b amplitude and latency were greater for switch than repeat trials, with this difference widening with RT.
  • Target properties did not differentially affect switch and repeat trials.

Conclusions:

  • Slower responses correlate with increased target-related interference and decision-making difficulty.
  • Neither general nor switch-specific preparation fully overcomes target-driven interference.
  • Integrating RT distribution analysis with ERPs and OPTA reveals trial-by-trial variability in cognitive control.