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Orofacial dyskinesia, cognitive function and medication.

P Thomas, R McGuire

    The British Journal of Psychiatry : the Journal of Mental Science
    |August 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Tardive dyskinesia in long-term psychiatric patients is linked to cognitive deficits, particularly in delayed recall. Age and total neuroleptic dose predict movement disorder severity, not treatment duration.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Psychiatry
    • Clinical Psychology

    Background:

    • Long-term hospitalization and extensive medication exposure in psychiatric patients can lead to movement disorders.
    • Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a potential side effect of neuroleptic medication, impacting motor control.
    • Cognitive function is frequently impaired in patients with chronic psychiatric conditions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess the impact of tardive dyskinesia on cognitive function in long-term hospitalized patients with schizophrenia and psychopathy.
    • To identify predictors of tardive dyskinesia severity, specifically focusing on medication history and patient demographics.

    Main Methods:

    • Cognitive function was evaluated in 43 schizophrenia patients and 37 psychopaths with long-term medication exposure.

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  • The Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) was used to assess the presence and severity of tardive dyskinesia.
  • Multiple regression analysis was employed to determine the relationship between demographic/medication variables and AIMS scores.

    • Main Results:

    • Patients without abnormal involuntary movements performed significantly better on delayed recall tests.
    • No significant differences in other cognitive function tests were observed between groups.
    • Age and total lifetime neuroleptic dose (chlorpromazine equivalents) were significant predictors of AIMS scores.
    • Treatment duration with neuroleptics did not predict AIMS scores.

    Conclusions:

    • Tardive dyskinesia may be associated with specific cognitive deficits, such as impaired delayed recall, in chronically medicated psychiatric patients.
    • Cumulative neuroleptic exposure and patient age are key factors influencing the development of tardive dyskinesia.
    • Further research is needed to understand the unexplained variance in TD severity and its broader cognitive implications.