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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 25, 2026

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)
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The Nature of Task Set Representations in Working Memory.

Atsushi Kikumoto1, Ulrich Mayr1

  • 1University of Oregon.

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
|August 5, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Working memory (WM) capacity influences how we select and prepare tasks. Even familiar tasks are maintained in WM, but low-capacity individuals struggle with this process.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Human Executive Function

Background:

  • Task set selection is typically assumed to involve working memory (WM).
  • However, the relationship between WM capacity and task selection efficiency remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of WM in task set selection and preparation.
  • To examine how WM load is affected by task novelty and conflict.

Main Methods:

  • Used electroencephalography (EEG) to measure contralateral delay activity (CDA) as an index of WM load.
  • Conducted experiments involving novel and familiar stimulus-response (S-R) rules and task conflict.

Main Results:

  • A CDA set size effect was observed for high-WM individuals with novel S-R sets, but not low-WM individuals.

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  • Familiar task sets showed sustained, set size-independent WM use in high-WM participants.
  • Task conflict increased CDA, particularly when participants experienced response time (RT) conflict effects.
  • Low-WM individuals showed load-dependent representation of even familiar tasks.

    • Conclusions:

    • Highly familiar S-R settings are maintained in WM, possibly via compressed representations linked to long-term memory.
    • The establishment of efficient retrieval structures for task management is capacity-limited, especially for individuals with lower WM capacity.