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Sleep Apnea

Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...

Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking

Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking

Somnambulism, commonly known as sleepwalking, involves individuals engaging in activities ranging from simple walking to more complex behaviors such as driving. Sleepwalking typically occurs during the slow-wave sleep stages 3 and 4 early in the night when the person is not dreaming, contradicting the myth that sleepwalkers are acting out their dreams.
Factors that increase the likelihood of sleepwalking include sleep deprivation and alcohol consumption. Contrary to common beliefs, it is safe...

Alterations in Respiration II

Alterations in Respiration II

There are numerous types of normal and abnormal respiration. Based on ventilatory movements, breathing patterns are classified as regular, deep, or shallow. Examples include Biot's breathing, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, Kussmaul's breathing, hyperventilation, and hypoventilation. Each pattern is clinically significant and aids in evaluating patients.
In Biot's breathing, the respiratory rate and depth are irregular, alternating between periods of deep gasping and apnea. Common causes...

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
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Sleep-Wake Cycles

Sleep-Wake Cycles

Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
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Other Pulmonary Disorders

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.

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Related Experiment Video

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Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

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Sleep-Disordered Breathing.

Nancy R Foldvary-Schaefer, Tina E Waters

Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.)

|August 5, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Sleep-disordered breathing, including obstructive sleep apnea, is common and underdiagnosed, especially in neurological patients. Early identification and treatment can improve health outcomes and reduce morbidity.

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Multi-Modal Home Sleep Monitoring in Older Adults

Multi-Modal Home Sleep Monitoring in Older Adults

Published on: January 26, 2019

Area of Science:

Neurology
Sleep Medicine
Pulmonology

Background:

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a spectrum of disorders including obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
Updated diagnostic criteria exist in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Third Edition.
Neurologic providers need to identify patients at risk for SDB due to its associated morbidity.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the prevalence and impact of SDB in patients with neurologic disorders.
To highlight the importance of recognizing and diagnosing SDB in neurologic populations.
To discuss current and emerging treatment options for SDB.

Main Methods:

Review of recent studies on SDB prevalence in neurologic disorders.
Analysis of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of OSA and its impact on neurological conditions.
Evaluation of diagnostic approaches including sleep history, screening, and sleep testing.

Main Results:

OSA is highly prevalent and underdiagnosed, particularly in epilepsy and stroke patients.
SDB contributes to cardiovascular and metabolic disorders and may affect brain health.
Positive airway pressure and newer therapies like hypoglossal nerve stimulation are effective treatments.

Conclusions:

SDB is underrecognized, with significant medical and psychosocial consequences.
Treating SDB shows emerging benefits for neurologic outcomes.
Increased sleep education for neurologic providers is crucial.