Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

6.4K
Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure...
6.4K
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase01:11

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

45
Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
45
Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu01:29

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

26
Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
26
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Transporters: P-Glycoprotein and Solute Carrier Transporters01:16

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Transporters: P-Glycoprotein and Solute Carrier Transporters

68
The pharmacogenetics of drug transporters is increasingly recognized as a critical factor influencing interindividual variability in drug absorption, distribution, and elimination. These membrane-bound proteins regulate drugs' movement across cellular barriers by actively pumping them out (efflux) or facilitating their uptake (influx). Among the major transporter families, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and solute carrier (SLC) transporters play particularly prominent roles. Genetic polymorphisms...
68
Pharmacogenetics of Phase II Enzymes: N-acetyltransferase, Thiopurine S-methyltransferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase01:27

Pharmacogenetics of Phase II Enzymes: N-acetyltransferase, Thiopurine S-methyltransferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase

33
Phase II biotransformation reactions are essential for detoxifying and eliminating xenobiotics, including many pharmaceutical compounds. These reactions typically involve conjugation, the covalent attachment of polar endogenous groups such as glucuronic acid, sulfate, methyl, or acetyl moieties to functional groups introduced during Phase I metabolism. The resulting conjugates are more water-soluble, enabling efficient renal or biliary excretion.The major classes of Phase II enzymes include...
33
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

1.0K
In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
1.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Identifying genetic causes and establishing a diagnostic approach for WES-negative pediatric population with neurodevelopmental disorder.

European journal of human genetics : EJHG·2026
Same author

<i>Weissella viridescens</i> Bacteremia Associated with Acute Cholangitis: a Case Report.

Annals of laboratory medicine·2026
Same author

Integrative analysis of in silico predictions and clinical evidence to delineate the capability of HiFi long-read sequencing in paralogous genes.

NPJ genomic medicine·2026
Same author

Genetics and clinical characteristics of Korean patients with bilateral macronodular adrenocortical disease.

European journal of endocrinology·2026
Same author

Genomic profiles of myelodysplastic neoplasm with bone marrow eosinophilia or basophilia: Inflammatory drivers and DNA damage response.

Leukemia research·2025
Same author

Functional analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 splicing variants using a minigene assay.

Human genomics·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 25, 2026

En Face Detection of Nitric Oxide and Superoxide in Endothelial Layer of Intact Arteries
08:58

En Face Detection of Nitric Oxide and Superoxide in Endothelial Layer of Intact Arteries

Published on: February 25, 2016

10.1K

The Relation Between Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Polymorphisms and Normal Tension Glaucoma.

Jin Wook Jeoung1, Dong Myung Kim, Sohee Oh

  • 1Departments of *Ophthalmology ‡Laboratory Medicine §Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital †Department of Biostatistics, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

Journal of Glaucoma
|August 5, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) gene polymorphisms, specifically rs2070744, may be linked to optic disc hemorrhage in normal tension glaucoma (NTG) patients. This suggests eNOS rs2070744 could be a genetic risk factor for this condition.

More Related Videos

Application of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Nitric Oxide (NO&#8226;) Probes, the geNOps, for Real-time Imaging of NO&#8226; Signals in Single Cells
08:32

Application of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Nitric Oxide (NO•) Probes, the geNOps, for Real-time Imaging of NO• Signals in Single Cells

Published on: March 16, 2017

13.4K
Laser Capture Microdissection of Highly Pure Trabecular Meshwork from Mouse Eyes for Gene Expression Analysis
13:47

Laser Capture Microdissection of Highly Pure Trabecular Meshwork from Mouse Eyes for Gene Expression Analysis

Published on: June 3, 2018

9.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 25, 2026

En Face Detection of Nitric Oxide and Superoxide in Endothelial Layer of Intact Arteries
08:58

En Face Detection of Nitric Oxide and Superoxide in Endothelial Layer of Intact Arteries

Published on: February 25, 2016

10.1K
Application of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Nitric Oxide (NO&#8226;) Probes, the geNOps, for Real-time Imaging of NO&#8226; Signals in Single Cells
08:32

Application of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Nitric Oxide (NO•) Probes, the geNOps, for Real-time Imaging of NO• Signals in Single Cells

Published on: March 16, 2017

13.4K
Laser Capture Microdissection of Highly Pure Trabecular Meshwork from Mouse Eyes for Gene Expression Analysis
13:47

Laser Capture Microdissection of Highly Pure Trabecular Meshwork from Mouse Eyes for Gene Expression Analysis

Published on: June 3, 2018

9.9K

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Genetics
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • Normal tension glaucoma (NTG) is a significant cause of vision loss.
  • The role of genetic factors, including endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) gene polymorphisms, in NTG pathogenesis is under investigation.
  • Optic disc hemorrhage (DH) is a clinical sign associated with NTG progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between eNOS gene polymorphisms and normal tension glaucoma (NTG).
  • To examine if eNOS polymorphisms are linked to NTG subgroups, specifically NTG with and without optic disc hemorrhage (DH).

Main Methods:

  • Genotyping of four eNOS polymorphisms (rs2070744, rs1549758, rs1799983, rs2566514) in 251 NTG patients and 245 healthy controls.
  • DNA analysis using restriction fragment length polymorphism and SNaPshot methods.
  • Statistical analysis including Bonferroni correction and logistic regression.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in allele or genotype frequencies were found between NTG patients and controls for any of the four polymorphisms.
  • The CC/CT genotype of eNOS rs2070744 showed a significant association with optic disc hemorrhage (DH) in NTG patients (P=0.0041).
  • Logistic regression analysis indicated a borderline significant association between NTG with DH and eNOS rs2070744 polymorphic genotypes (P=0.0070).

Conclusions:

  • The eNOS rs2070744 polymorphism may be associated with normal tension glaucoma patients who exhibit optic disc hemorrhage.
  • This specific eNOS polymorphism could represent a genetic risk factor contributing to the development of DH in NTG.