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Redox Reactions01:27

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Redox reactions are vital biochemical processes that underpin energy metabolism in cells. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, occurring in tandem as oxidation and reduction. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction denotes their gain. This coupling ensures the seamless flow of electrons through metabolic pathways. For example, in bacterial metabolism, glucose undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide, while oxygen is simultaneously reduced to...
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Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...
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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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Assessment of Cellular Oxidation using a Subcellular Compartment-Specific Redox-Sensitive Green Fluorescent Protein
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Cellular Timekeeping: It's Redox o'Clock.

Nikolay B Milev1, Sue-Goo Rhee2, Akhilesh B Reddy1,3

  • 1The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom.

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|August 6, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Circadian rhythms and redox systems interact extensively. Novel findings reveal autonomous redox oscillations in peroxiredoxin (PRDX) proteins, suggesting a primordial circadian oscillator predating the transcriptional clock.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Chronobiology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The circadian and redox systems exhibit extensive interactions in organisms.
  • Daily oscillations in metabolism and oxidant exposure are common.
  • The transcriptional clock regulates antioxidant proteins, while redox state influences the clock.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between circadian rhythms and redox homeostasis.
  • To identify novel circadian redox oscillations.
  • To explore the evolutionary origins of circadian regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of circadian cycles in peroxiredoxin (PRDX) protein S-sulfinylation.
  • Phylogenetic analysis of redox oscillation conservation.
  • Investigating redox-sensitive feedback mechanisms to the transcriptional clock.

Main Results:

  • Circadian cycles in the S-sulfinylation of peroxiredoxin (PRDX) proteins were identified as an autonomous redox oscillation.
  • These PRDX rhythms are independent of the transcriptional clock.
  • High phylogenetic conservation suggests these rhythms may predate the transcriptional oscillator.

Conclusions:

  • Circadian redox oscillations, exemplified by PRDX sulfinylation, represent a fundamental aspect of biological timing.
  • These findings challenge the transcription-centered view of circadian clocks.
  • A primordial circadian redox/metabolic oscillator may exist, opening new research avenues.