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Related Concept Videos

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

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Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...
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Upper Respiratory Drugs: Decongestants01:27

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Decongestants

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Decongestants are a class of medications used primarily to alleviate nasal congestion, a common symptom resulting from allergies, colds, sinusitis, and other upper respiratory tract infections. These drugs work by activating α-adrenergic receptors, constricting small blood vessels in the nasal membranes. This action results in the opening of clogged nasal passages, thereby facilitating sinus drainage and relieving congestion.
Most decongestants are readily available over-the-counter in...
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Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics01:23

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics

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Respiratory symptoms, such as congestion and cough, commonly accompany respiratory tract conditions. Various medications, such as antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics, play crucial roles in providing relief.
Antitussives include codeine, dextromethorphan (Robitussin), and benzonatate (Tessalon). Codeine and dextromethorphan exert their effects centrally by suppressing the cough reflex center in the medulla.  Benzonatate operates peripherally within the respiratory tract by...
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Upper Respiratory Drugs: First and Second-Generation Antihistamines01:15

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Antihistamines are a class of drugs widely used to alleviate the symptoms of allergies, such as sneezing, itching, and nasal congestion. They work by inhibiting the actions of histamine, which is released by immune cells in response to allergenic substances or tissue injuries.
Histamine binds to specific receptor sites, known as H1 receptors, on tissue cells, triggering inflammation and swelling. Antihistamines combat these effects by competing with histamine for these receptor sites. By...
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Epistaxis01:30

Epistaxis

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Epistaxis, or nosebleeds, occurs when small, swollen blood vessels in the nasal mucous membrane rupture. Typically, the anterior septum is the primary site of occurrence.
Etiology
Possible causes of this condition include high blood pressure, trauma, low humidity, upper respiratory tract infections, allergies, foreign bodies, nasal inhalation of corticosteroids or illicit drugs, excessive use of decongestant nasal sprays, facial or nasal surgery, anatomic malformation, tumors, or systemic...
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RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
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Absorption of Nasal and Bronchial Fluids: Precision Sampling of the Human Respiratory Mucosa and Laboratory Processing of Samples
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IgE running interference for rhinovirus?

Sarah E Henrickson1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Allergy Immunology Division, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

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This summary is machine-generated.

Anti-immunoglobulin E (IgE) therapy can decrease symptomatic rhinovirus infections in children with allergic asthma. This treatment offers a potential strategy for managing viral respiratory illnesses in this vulnerable population.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Allergic asthma is a common chronic respiratory condition in children.
  • Rhinovirus is a frequent trigger for asthma exacerbations and respiratory infections in pediatric populations.
  • Anti-immunoglobulin E (IgE) therapy is an established treatment for severe allergic asthma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of anti-immunoglobulin E (IgE) treatment on the incidence of symptomatic rhinovirus infections in pediatric allergic asthmatics.
  • To assess the potential of anti-IgE therapy in mitigating viral respiratory infections in children with asthma.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of a cohort of pediatric patients with allergic asthma undergoing anti-IgE therapy.
  • Monitoring and recording of symptomatic rhinovirus infection episodes during the treatment period.
  • Comparison of infection rates before and during anti-IgE treatment.

Main Results:

  • Anti-immunoglobulin E (IgE) treatment was associated with a significant reduction in the rates of symptomatic rhinovirus infections.
  • Pediatric patients receiving anti-IgE therapy experienced fewer episodes of rhinovirus-induced respiratory symptoms.
  • The findings suggest a protective effect of anti-IgE therapy against rhinovirus infections in this cohort.

Conclusions:

  • Anti-immunoglobulin E (IgE) therapy demonstrates efficacy in reducing symptomatic rhinovirus infections among pediatric allergic asthmatics.
  • This suggests a potential role for anti-IgE treatment in the prevention and management of viral respiratory infections in children with asthma.
  • Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm these findings and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.