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Related Concept Videos

Exocytosis00:50

Exocytosis

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Exocytosis is a process that releases molecules outside the cell. Like other bulk transport mechanisms, exocytosis requires energy.
Exocytosis is the opposite of endocytosis, which brings molecules inside the cell. Sometimes, the released materials are signaling molecules. For example, neurons typically use exocytosis to release neurotransmitters. Cells also use exocytosis to insert proteins such as ion channels into their cell membranes, secrete proteins for use in the extracellular matrix, or...
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Exocytosis00:51

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Exocytosis is used to release material from cells. Like other bulk transport mechanisms, exocytosis requires energy.
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Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies01:38

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Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
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Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane01:26

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Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
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Vesicular Trasport: Endocytosis, Transcytosis and Exocytosis01:18

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Vesicular transport is a cellular process that encompasses the engulfment of particles or dissolved substances by cells. It involves endocytosis, transcytosis, and exocytosis.
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Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

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After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
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Quantifying Spatiotemporal Parameters of Cellular Exocytosis in Micropatterned Cells
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Quantifying Spatiotemporal Parameters of Cellular Exocytosis in Micropatterned Cells

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How intravesicular composition affects exocytosis.

R Mark Wightman1, Natalia Domínguez2, Ricardo Borges3,4

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3290, USA.

Pflugers Archiv : European Journal of Physiology
|August 6, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Altering the internal composition of vesicles in chromaffin cells changes their release characteristics during exocytosis. This study reviews evidence linking intravesicular solute aggregation to exocytosis modulation.

Keywords:
AdrenalAmperometryCatecholaminesChromograninsSecretionpH

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Large dense core vesicles and chromaffin granules store high concentrations of solutes like catecholamines, ATP, and Ca2+.
  • These solutes aggregate within a protein matrix, primarily chromogranins, to prevent osmotic lysis and regulate release.
  • This aggregation influences the kinetics of catecholamine release during exocytosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compile experimental evidence on how intravesicular composition affects exocytosis.
  • To demonstrate the link between altered intravesicular content and changes in exocytosis quantum characteristics.
  • To highlight the utility of chromaffin cells as a model for studying exocytosis.

Main Methods:

  • Single-cell amperometry was used to gather experimental data.
  • Analysis focused on the quantum characteristics of exocytosis.
  • Chromaffin cells served as the primary experimental model due to their size and high concentration of detectable species.

Main Results:

  • Alterations in intravesicular composition directly impact the quantum characteristics of exocytosis.
  • The aggregation of solutes with chromogranins plays a crucial role in modulating catecholamine release.
  • Experimental data consistently show these effects in chromaffin cell models.

Conclusions:

  • The internal composition of vesicles is a key determinant of exocytotic behavior.
  • Understanding solute-protein interactions within vesicles is vital for comprehending regulated secretion.
  • Single-cell amperometry provides valuable insights into the mechanisms governing exocytosis.