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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
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Colon cancer associated transcripts in human cancers.

Yincong Chen1, Haibiao Xie2, Qunjun Gao3

  • 1Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapie
|August 6, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Colon cancer associated transcripts (CCATs) are long non-coding RNAs that act as oncogenes in various cancers. Their dysregulation is linked to cancer progression and poor survival, suggesting they are potential therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
CCAT1CCAT2Therapeutic targetc-MYClncRNAs

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Area of Science:

  • * Molecular Biology
  • * Oncology
  • * Genetics

Background:

  • * Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate critical cellular processes like differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis.
  • * Dysregulation of lncRNAs is implicated in cancer development and progression.
  • * Colon cancer associated transcripts (CCATs), specifically CCAT-1 and CCAT-2, are oncogenic lncRNAs found in various cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To investigate the role of CCAT-1 and CCAT-2 in cancer.
  • * To explore the association of CCATs with clinical characteristics and patient outcomes.
  • * To evaluate the potential of CCATs as cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • * Analysis of CCAT-1 and CCAT-2 expression and localization.
  • * Investigation of CCATs' impact on cancer cell phenotypes (proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis) through knockdown experiments.
  • * Examination of CCATs' regulatory mechanisms involving c-MYC and oncogenic microRNAs.

Main Results:

  • * CCAT-1 and CCAT-2 are novel lncRNAs located at chromosomal region 8q24.
  • * CCATs are associated with adverse clinical features, including lymph node metastasis, advanced TNM stage, and reduced overall survival.
  • * Knockdown of CCATs reversed malignant cancer cell phenotypes and influenced c-MYC and oncogenic microRNA expression.

Conclusions:

  • * CCAT-1 and CCAT-2 function as oncogenes in cancer.
  • * CCATs demonstrate significant associations with clinical characteristics and patient prognosis.
  • * CCATs represent promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets for human cancers.