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Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...

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Updated: Feb 25, 2026

Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults

Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults

Published on: February 2, 2020

Nutritional Problems Affecting Older Adults.

Neva L Crogan¹

¹Department of Nursing, Gonzaga University, 502 East Boone Avenue, Spokane, WA 99258, USA.

The Nursing Clinics of North America

|August 7, 2017

Summary

Older adults face complex nutritional challenges like malnutrition and dehydration. This article offers evidence-based strategies for assessment and treatment to improve their health and quality of life.

Keywords:

Anorexia of aging Cachexia Dehydration Malnutrition Oral health Sarcopenia

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Last Updated: Feb 25, 2026

Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults

Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults

Published on: February 2, 2020

Area of Science:

Gerontology
Nutritional Science
Public Health

Background:

Older adults are susceptible to multifaceted nutritional problems including malnutrition, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalances.
Weight loss and malnutrition in this demographic stem from social, psychological, and biological factors.
Oral health significantly impacts food intake and nutritional status in the elderly.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe potential nutritional problems in older adults.
To discuss evidence-based assessment strategies and treatment modalities for these issues.
To explore micronutrient deficiency and supplementation in the geriatric population.

Main Methods:

Literature review of nutritional problems in older adults.
Analysis of evidence-based assessment strategies.
Discussion of treatment modalities and micronutrient supplementation.

Main Results:

Identification of social, psychological, and biological factors contributing to malnutrition.
Exploration of micronutrient deficiencies and effective supplementation protocols.
Emphasis on the link between oral health and nutritional intake.

Conclusions:

Addressing complex nutritional issues in older adults requires a multifactorial approach.
Evidence-based interventions are crucial for managing malnutrition, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalances.
Improving oral health and considering all contributing factors are vital for enhancing the quality of life in older adults.